Takehara et al. show that Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin impairs granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor-mediated granulocyte production while enhancing host inflammation. This study identifies dual mechanisms, whereby bacterial toxin simultaneously cripples and overstimulates host immunity to its demise.
- Masaya Takehara
- Soshi Seike
- Masahiro Nagahama
