The gut-microbiota-derived aromatic amino acid metabolite 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4HPAA) and its analogues have been shown to protect against obesity. In mice, 4HPAA exerts anti-obesogenic effects by modulating mucosal immunity and lipid uptake in the intestine.
- Zengliang Jiang
- Liuqing He
- Liang Tao