Endocrine system and metabolic diseases articles from across Nature Portfolio

Obesity predisposes to cardiometabolic comorbidities and accelerated biological aging. Here, the authors identify cell-type level regulatory variants and their epigenomic landscape underlying this predisposition in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Secondary osteoporosis, in which medication use and chronic medical conditions contribute to bone fragility, is a common but under-recognized form of the disease. In this Review, Paccou et al. discuss the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of secondary osteoporosis, together with key areas for future research.

A new generation of dual and triple receptor modulators targeting nutrient-stimulated hormone pathways are producing cardiometabolic effects that exceed any previous pharmacotherapy, with weight loss efficacy approaching that of bariatric surgery. Cardiovascular outcome trials that are planned or underway will determine whether such robust cardiometabolic potency through complementary receptor targeting translates into incremental cardiovascular protection, ideally with improved drug tolerability.

Developing transparent, evidence-based allocation strategies for essential medicines is especially critical in low- and middle-income countries, where affordability and equity challenges are most acute.

Infants exposed to hypoglycaemia are at risk of neuroglycopenia and long-term neurodisability. Individuals with congenital hyperinsulinism provide a unique opportunity to gain insights into relevant biological pathways and outcomes. Such insights could transform clinical care for infants at risk of hypoglycaemia from a variety of genetic and environmental aetiologies.