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Tumour-necrosis factors are cytokines that are secreted by immune cell such as monocytes and lymphocytes. Tumour-necrosis factors can cause cell death or T cell activation and proliferation by binding to their receptors as a homotrimer or heterotrimer.
De novo computational design of minibinder proteins, which achieve sub-nanomolar affinity to both human and canine TNFα by targeting a conserved hydrophobic surface region, enables potent cross-species TNFα antagonism.
During SARS-CoV-2 infection caspase-8 fuels harmful inflammation independent of apoptosis. Genetic loss of caspase-8 reduces cytokine levels, lowers viral load and mitigates disease severity, revealing non-apoptotic caspase-8 as a key driver of severe COVID-19.
Erlich et al. show that soluble LTα and membrane-bound LTα1β2 lymphotoxins expressed by B cells play distinct roles to attenuate the pathology observed in ileitis.
New research shows that induction of ferroptosis can deplete synovial fibroblasts that are activated in rheumatoid arthritis, and that co-treatment with a TNF inhibitor enhances this depletion.
Intestinal ILC3s produce the epidermal growth factor family mediator HB-EGF, which protects the intestinal barrier against TNF-induced epithelial cell death.
