Table 2 Additional genomic analyses and results in unresolved cases.

From: Personalised genomic strategies improve diagnostic yield in inherited retinal dystrophies: a stepwise, patient-centred approach

ID

Age

Gender

AO

FamHx

Clinical diagnosis

Proband case

Approach

Final result

Gene

Transcript

Inh. pattern

Allele 1

Allele 2

Phenotypic match?

Segregation

cDNA

protein

cDNA

protein

P418

54

M

20

Yes

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + Digital PCR

Resolved

ARSG

NM_001267727.2

AR

Chr17:66246319-66303862del

p.(?)

c.983-2_983-1del

p.(?)

Yes

trans

P419

51

F

48

Yes

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

No

Sanger Sequencing + Digital PCR

Resolved

ARSG

NM_001267727.2

AR

Chr17:66246319-66303862del

p.(?)

c.983-2_983-1del

p.(?)

Yes

trans

P420

24

F

12

No

Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis + ABCA4 panel

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.634C>T

p.(Arg212Cys)

c.4539+2064C>T

p.[=,Arg1514Leufs*36]

Yes

trans

P421

52

M

41

No

Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.[3210_3211dup;5603A>T]

p.[Ser1071Cfs*14;Asn1868Ile]

c.5603A>T

p.(Asn1868Ile)

Yes

trans

P422

40

F

25

No

Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.6056A>T

p.(Gln2019Leu)

c.1166C>A

p.(Ala389Glu)

Yes

trans

P423

51

M

48

No

Late onset Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis + ABCA4 panel

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.[5044_5058del;4926C>G]

p.[Val1682_Val1686del;Ser1642Arg]

c.5196+1137G>A

p.[=,Met1733Glufs*78]

Yes

trans

P424

27

F

14

No

Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.5882G>A

p.(Gly1961Glu)

c.4877C>A

p.(Ala1626Asp)

Yes

trans

P425

79

F

56

No

Late onset Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.3386G>T

p.(Arg1129Leu)

c.1244A>G

p.(Asn415Ser)

Yes

trans

P426

53

F

50

No

Late onset Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.6272T>G

p.(Leu2091Arg)

c.5603A>T

p.(Asn1868Ile)

Yes

trans

P427

30

M

27

Yes

Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.3386G>T

p.(Arg1129Leu)

c.52C>T

p.(Arg18Trp)

Yes

trans

P428

55

M

50

No

Late onset Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.3056C>T

p.(Thr1019Met)

c.4253+43G>A

p.[=,Ile1377Hisfs*3]

Yes

trans

P429

70

F

55

No

Late onset Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.3386G>T

p.(Arg1129Leu)

c.4539+2064C>T

p.[=,Arg1514Leufs*36]

Yes

trans

P430

58

F

40

No

Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.5196+1137G>A

p.[=,Met1733Glufs*78]

c.[5461-10T>C;5603A>T]

p.[Thr1821Aspfs*6,Thr1821Valfs*13;Asn1868Ile]

Yes

trans

P431

44

M

35

No

Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.[3617del;5603A>T]

p.[Asn1206Metfs*3;Asn1868Ile]

c.5603A>T

p.(Asn1868Ile)

Yes

trans

P432

59

M

40

No

Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.3386G>T

p.(Arg1129Leu)

c.4539+2064C>T

p.[=,Arg1514Leufs*36]

Yes

trans

P433

59

M

54

No

Late onset Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS + MLPA

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.699_768+341del

p.(Gln234Phefs*5)

c.5603A>T

p.(Asn1868Ile)

Yes

trans

P434

30

F

5

No

Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis + ABCA4 panel + WGS + Midigene

Resolved

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.634C>T

p.(Arg212Cys)

c.859-442C>T

p.[Phe287Tyrfs*33,Phe287_Glu518del,=, Phe287Hisfs*7]

Yes

trans

P435

55

M

15

Yes

Syndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis

Resolved

NPHP4

NM_015102.5

AR

c.2485+2T>C

p.(?)

c.2611+1G>A

p.(?)

Yes

trans

P436

51

M

36

Yes

Syndromic retinitis pigmentosa

No

Sanger Sequencing

Resolved

NPHP4

NM_015102.5

AR

c.2485+2T>C

p.(?)

c.2611+1G>A

p.(?)

Yes

trans

P437

54

M

20

No

Cone-rod dystrophy

Yes

WES reanalysis + Minigen

Resolved

TULP1

NM_003322.6

AR

c.822G>T

p.(Lys274Asn)

c.1376T>C

p.(Ile459Thr)

Yes

trans

P438

60

M

31

Yes

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + RPGR panel

Resolved

RPGR

NM_001034853.2

XL

c.3116dup

p.(Glu1040Argfs*39)

  

Yes

inherited

P439

46

M

28

Yes

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

No

Sanger Sequencing

Resolved

RPGR

NM_001034853.2

XL

c.3116dup

p.(Glu1040Argfs*39)

  

Yes

inherited

P440

51

F

30

No

Syndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS + aCGH

Resolved

NPHP1

NM_001128178.3

AR

chr2:110853694-110985405del

p.(?)

chr2:110853694-110985405del

p.(?)

Yes

trans

P441

33

F

25

Yes

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Resolved

CERKL

NM_201548.5

AR

c.769C>T

p.(Arg257*)

c.769C>T

p.(Arg257*)

Yes

trans

P442

24

M

6

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + RPGR panel

Resolved

RPGR

NM_001034853.2

XL

c.2527del

p.(Glu843Lysfs*246)

  

Yes

inherited

P443

37

F

10

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + MLPA

Resolved

PDE6B

NM_000283.4

AR

c.(?_-53)_(711 + 1_712-1)del

p.(?)

c.(?_-53)_(711 + 1_712-1)del

p.(?)

Yes

trans

P444

22

M

4

No

Syndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis

Resolved

HK1

NM_033500.2

AD

c.1334C>G

p.(Thr445Arg)

  

Yes

de novo

P445

19

M

5

No

Cone-rod dystrophy

Yes

WES reanalysis

Resolved

RPGRIP1

NM_020366.3

AR

c.1111C>T

p.(Arg371*)

c.2367+23delG

p.(?)

Yes

trans

P446

27

F

2

Yes

Usher syndrome

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Resolved

USH2A

NM_206933.4

AR

c.2299del

p.(Glu767Serfs*21)

c.11048-1055A>G

p.(?)

Yes

trans

P447

30

M

16

Yes

Usher syndrome

No

Sanger Sequencing

Resolved

USH2A

NM_206933.4

AR

c.2299del

p.(Glu767Serfs*21)

c.11048-1055A>G

p.(?)

Yes

trans

P448

21

F

10

No

Cone dystrophy

Yes

WES reanalysis + mRNA

Resolved

ATF6

NM_007348.4

AR

c.160-8A>G

p.(Glu54Phefs*7)

c.160-8A>G

p.(Glu54Phefs*7)

Yes

trans

P449

46

M

20

Yes

Syndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + ABCA4 panel

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.6424A>G

p.(Ile2142Val)

c.5603A>T

p.(Asn1868Ile)

Yes

trans

P450

59

M

56

Yes

Retinal pattern dystrophy

Yes

WES reanalysis + ABCA4 panel

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.5908C>T

p.(Leu1970Phe)

c.2744-9del

p.(?)

Yes

trans

P451

78

F

50

Yes

Late onset Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.5882G>A

p.(Gly1961Glu)

  

Yes

ND

P452

59

F

50

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + ABCA4 panel

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.3113C>T

p.(Ala1038Val)

  

Yes

ND

P453

39

M

20

No

Maculopathy

Yes

WES reanalysis + ABCA4 panel

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.4457C>T

p.(Pro1486Leu)

  

Yes

ND

P454

78

F

30

Yes

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis

Inconclusive

AHI1

NM_017651.5

AR

c.1205del

p.(Pro402Leufs*3)

  

No

ND

P455

59

M

40

Yes

Cone-rod dystrophy

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

AIPL1

NM_014336.5

AD

c.112C>T

p.(Arg38Cys)

  

Yes

ND

P456

63

M

38

Yes

Cone-rod dystrophy

No

Sanger Sequencing

Inconclusive

AIPL1

NM_014336.5

AD

c.112C>T

p.(Arg38Cys)

  

Yes

ND

P457

56

F

17

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

       

N/A

ND

P458

67

M

47

No

Cone-rod dystrophy

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

SPG7

NM_003119.4

AR

c.1529C>T

p.(Ala510Val)

  

No

ND

P459

70

M

12

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.5603A>T

p.(Asn1868Ile)

c.3607+771G>A

p.(=)

Yes

ND

P460

62

M

55

Yes

Late onset Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

       

No

ND

P461

36

F

27

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

MYO3A

NM_017433.5

AR

c.4550C>G

p.(Ser1517*)

  

No

ND

P462

33

F

20

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

RDH12

NM_152443.3

AD/AR

c.464C>T

p.(Thr155Ile)

  

Yes

inherited

P463

57

M

52

Yes

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

CNGA1

NM_001379270.1

AR

c.349G>T

p.(Glu117*)

  

Yes

ND

P464

47

M

35

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.5843C>T

p.(Pro1948Leu)

  

Yes

ND

P465

56

F

24

Yes

Central areolar choroidal dystrophy

Yes

WES reanalysis + ABCA4 panel + WGS

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.[5603A>T;2701A>G]

p.[Asn1868Ile;Thr901Ala]

  

Yes

ND

P466

60

M

52

No

Maculopathy

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.6148G>C

p.(Val2050Leu)

  

Yes

ND

P467

27

F

23

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

       

N/A

ND

P468

65

F

55

No

Retinal pattern dystrophy

Yes

WES reanalysis + ABCA4 panel

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.4919G>A

p.(Arg1640Gln)

  

Yes

ND

P469

70

F

55

Yes

Late onset Stargardt disease

Yes

WES reanalysis + ABCA4 panel + WGS

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.[5549T>C;5603A>T]

p.[Leu1850Pro;Asn1868Ile]

  

Yes

ND

P470

50

F

2

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

MKS1

NM_017777.4

AR

c.190+2T>C

p.(?)

  

No

ND

P471

71

F

67

No

Retinal pattern dystrophy

Yes

WES reanalysis

Inconclusive

NRL

NM_001354768.3

AD/AR

c.654del

p.(Cys219Valfs*4)

  

No

ND

P472

67

F

42

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

ABCA4

NM_000350.3

AR

c.5603A>T

p.(Asn1868Ile)

c.4539+859C>T

p.(=)

Yes

ND

P473

48

M

11

No

Maculopathy

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

       

N/A

ND

P474

51

F

46

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS + digital PCR

Inconclusive

ARHGEF18

NM_001367823.1

AR

Chr19:7434598-7442499-del

p.(?)

  

Yes

ND

P475

50

F

43

Yes

Retinal pattern dystrophy

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

       

N/A

ND

P476

41

F

28

No

Nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Yes

WES reanalysis + WGS

Inconclusive

       

N/A

ND

P477

38

F

15

No

Cone-rod dystrophy

Yes

WES reanalysis

Inconclusive

VPS13B

NM_017890.5

AR

c.11598del

p.(Glu3867Lysfs*11)

  

Yes

ND

  1. AD autosomal dominant, AO age of onset, AR autosomal recessive, FamHx family history of IRDs, F female, M male, ND not determined, XL X-linked inheritance.
  2. Variants identified through the re-evaluation are highlighted in bold.