Table 3 Probabilistic cost-effectiveness results compared to no treatment using list prices.

Strategy	Total cost per person	Total QALYs^a per person	ICER	NMB^b [95% CI] at £20,000 per QALY	Ranked^c by NMB	Ranked^d by NMB
No treatment	£3,822	8.503	-	£166,238 [£152,957 – £180,234]	5	8
Subthreshold micropulse laser	£4,458	8.944	£1,442	£174,414 [£160,952 – £187,227]	2	1
Standard threshold laser	£4,919	8.928	£2,579	£173,646 [£159,605 – £187,244]	3	3
Bevacizumab	£9,308	9.211	£7,746	£174,916 [£161,429 – £187,533]	1	2
Bevacizumab plus standard threshold laser	£11,325	9.211	£10,593	£172,899 [£159,168 – £186,269]	4	4
Ranibizumab biosimilar (Ongavia)	£23,252	9.225	£26,276	£161,251 [£147,381 – £174,920]	6	5
Ranibizumab (Lucentis)	£24,039	9.224	£28,054	£160,434 [£146,828 – £174,059]	8	10
Ranibizumab (Ongavia) plus standard threshold laser	£24,164	9.210	£28,073	£160,043 [£146,307 – £173,534]	9	7
Brolucizumab	£24,348	9.268	£26,824	£161,016 [£147,669 – £173,755]	7	6
Ranibizumab (Lucentis) plus standard threshold laser	£24,904	9.209	£29,878	£159,268 [£145,571 – £172,882]	10	12
Faricimab	£33,979	9.271	£39,250	£151,448 [£137,073 – £164,968]	11	11
Aflibercept	£34,522	9.267	£40,196	£150,813 [£136,809 – £164,845]	12	9

^a QALYs were calculated by multiplying the time spent in a health state by the corresponding utility value for that state, while adjusting for utility losses due to adverse events associated with the treatment.
^b NMB was calculated using the formula [(QALYs x £20,000) – Cost]; the strategy having the highest NMB considered the most cost-effective.
^c The ranking is based on the list prices.
^d The ranking is based on the confidential patient access scheme prices available to NICE for aflibercept, brolucizumab, faricimab, ranibizumab (Lucentis) and ranibizumab biosimilar (Ongavia). These prices and the results using them cannot be disclosed due to confidentiality agreements
ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, NMB net monetary benefit, QALYs quality-adjusted life years.

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