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Response to: ‘Comment on: ‘Photobiomodulation-induced choriocapillaris perfusion enhancement and outer retinal remodelling in intermediate age-related macular degeneration: a promising therapeutic approach with short-term results”

Eye (2026)Cite this article

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To the Editor,

We thank Giraldo-Suarez et al. [1] for their interest in our work on photobiomodulation (PBM) in intermediate age-related macular degeneration and for their thoughtful comments on our study design. As clearly stated in our article, this was a retrospective pilot study with short-term follow-up, primarily aimed at exploring anatomical (drusen volume and choriocapillaris flow deficit percentage) and functional changes after PBM rather than establishing definitive causal inferences.

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References

  1. Giraldo-Suarez, WY, Bonilla-Escobar, FJ & Lozano-Cruz, E Comment on: ‘Photobiomodulation-induced choriocapillaris perfusion enhancement and outer retinal remodelling in intermediate age-related macular degeneration: a promising therapeutic approach with short-term results’. Eye (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-04177-3

  2. Viggiano P, Boscia G, Clemente A, Laterza M, Termite AC, Pignataro MG, et al. Photobiomodulation-induced choriocapillaris perfusion enhancement and outer retinal remodelling in intermediate age-related macular degeneration: a promising therapeutic approach with short-term results. Eye. 2025;39:2057–63.

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  3. Nassisi M, Mainetti C, Paparella GR, Belloni Baroni L, Milella P, Leone G, et al. Short-term efficacy of photobiomodulation in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration: the PBM4AMD study. Eye. 2024;38:3467–72.

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Funding

Pasquale Viggiano is a consultant for: Abbvie, Bayer, Hofmann La Roche, Novartis and Zeiss. Francesco Boscia is a consultant for: Alcon, Abbvie, Bayer, Hofmann La Roche, Novartis and Zeiss. Enrico Borrelli is a consultant for: Abbvie, Bayer, Hofmann La Roche, Novartis and Zeiss. Michele Reibaldi is a consultant for: Abbvie, Bayer, Hofmann La Roche, Novartis and Zeiss. Other authors: None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy

    Pasquale Viggiano & Francesco Boscia

  2. Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Enrico Borrelli & Michele Reibaldi

  3. Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Giuseppe Giannaccare

Authors
  1. Pasquale Viggiano
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  2. Enrico Borrelli
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  3. Giuseppe Giannaccare
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  4. Michele Reibaldi
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  5. Francesco Boscia
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Contributions

PV conceived the study, performed data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. EB and GG contributed to study design and critically revised the manuscript. MR and FB were involved in data collection and interpretation. GG and PV provided expertise in image analysis and contributed to the interpretation of results. EB and MR contributed to patient recruitment and data collection. GG and EB provided statistical expertise and critical feedback. FB supervised the study, provided critical feedback, and helped shape the research and analysis. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pasquale Viggiano.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Viggiano, P., Borrelli, E., Giannaccare, G. et al. Response to: ‘Comment on: ‘Photobiomodulation-induced choriocapillaris perfusion enhancement and outer retinal remodelling in intermediate age-related macular degeneration: a promising therapeutic approach with short-term results”. Eye (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-026-04329-z

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