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Resource-efficient photonic quantum computation with high-dimensional cluster states

Nature Photonics volume 18, pages 1218–1224 (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Quantum computers can revolutionize science and technology, but their realization remains challenging across all platforms. A promising route to scalability is photonic-measurement-based quantum computation, where single-qubit measurements on large cluster states, together with feedforward steps, enable fault-tolerant quantum computation; however, generating large cluster states at high rates is notoriously difficult as detection probabilities drop exponentially with the number of photons comprising the state. We tackle this challenge by encoding multiple qubits on each photon through high-dimensional spatial encoding, generating cluster states with over nine qubits at a rate of 100 Hz. We also demonstrate that high-dimensional encoding substantially reduces the computation duration by enabling instantaneous feedforward between qubits encoded in the same photon. Our findings pave the way for resource-efficient measurement-based quantum computation using high-dimensional entanglement.

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Fig. 1: High-dimensional spatially encoded cluster states.
Fig. 2: Generation and certification of an eight-qubit cluster state.
Fig. 3: Single-qubit rotation using instantaneous intra-feedforward.
Fig. 4: Qudit cluster state d = 5.

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Data availability

All data are available in the main text and Supplementary Information, or at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8358012 (ref. 63).

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Acknowledgements

We thank O. Katz, B. Dayan and Z. Aqua for helpful discussions. This project was supported by the Zuckerman STEM Leadership Program and the Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 2497/21). O.L. acknowledges the support of the Clore Scholars Programme of the Clore Israel Foundation. This research project was financially supported by the State of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany.

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  1. Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

    Ohad Lib & Yaron Bromberg

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  1. Ohad Lib
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O.L. and Y.B. conceived and conceptualized the project. O.L. designed and built the experimental set-up, performed the experiment, and performed the data analysis under the supervision of Y.B. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ohad Lib.

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Lib, O., Bromberg, Y. Resource-efficient photonic quantum computation with high-dimensional cluster states. Nat. Photon. 18, 1218–1224 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01524-w

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