Extended Data Fig. 1: Polarizabilities and effective Rabi frequencies.

a, the dynamical vector and tensor polarizabilities \({\alpha }_{F}^{\{{\rm{V}},{\rm{T}}\}}\) of ¹S₀ are plotted as a function of the laser frequency, whose value is relative to the \(6{{\rm{s}}{}^{2}}^{1}{{\rm{S}}}_{0}\to 6{\rm{s}}6{{\rm{p}}}^{3}{{\rm{P}}}_{1},F=5/2\to F=3/2\) hyperfine transition. For polarizabilities 1a. u. = 1.648773 × 10⁻⁴¹ C m² V⁻¹. b, The generalized Rabi frequencies \({\Omega }_{x}^{(1)}\) and \({\Omega }_{x,x}^{(2)}\) are plotted as a function of the laser frequency, where \({\Omega }_{x}^{(1)}=-\frac{{\alpha }_{F}^{V}}{8F}{| {\mathcal{E}}| }^{2}\) and \({\Omega }_{x,x}^{(2)}=\frac{3{\alpha }_{F}^{T}}{8F(2F-1)}{| {\mathcal{E}}| }^{2}\). The Rabi frequencies are normalized assuming a light intensity I of = 1W/cm², and \({| {\mathcal{E}}| }^{2}=\frac{2I}{{\epsilon }_{0}c}\). The inset shows the frequency ratio \(| {\Omega }_{x}^{(1)}/{\Omega }_{x,x}^{(2)}|\).