Extended Data Fig. 2: Genetic and phenotypic sharing of β-cell function (BCF) traits.

(a) Genetic (top left) and phenotypic correlations (bottom right) between eight BCF estimates. Phenotypic correlations were calculated using Pearson correlation, and genetic correlations using LDSC. *Significant correlations after Bonferroni multiple test correction, P-value ≤ 0.05 / (8 estimates * 2 correlations tests). (b) Hierarchical clustering using Euclidean distance of genetic and phenotypic correlations among the eight BCF estimates. Colouring highlights each identified subgroup. (c) Venn diagram of shared loci between three subgroups of BCF estimates. Loci are named by the nearest gene. Colour indicates BCF sub-grouping from panel (b), (i) Disposition indexes: DI and DIBIG, (ii) 30’ and 120’ OGTT measurements: BIGTT-AIR, CIR, Stumvoll, xinsdG30, and xinsG30, (iii) fasting values: HOMA-β. (d) Venn diagram of BCF-GWAS loci. Each independent BCF lead association is named according to the nearest gene.