Extended Data Fig. 7: Modulation of the western dietary pattern, stratified by child sex, on neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Odds ratio estimates of ADHD (A) and autism diagnoses (B) based on interactions of the Western dietary pattern, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (split at median value 23.7), and child’s polygenic risk score (PRS) (median split) for ADHD and autism, stratified by child sex. Linear regression estimates for ADHD (C) and autism symptom loads (D) based on the Western dietary pattern, considering tertiles of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI ( < 22.2, 22.2-25.4, >25.4) and child’s PRS for ADHD and autism, stratified by child sex. Stars represent significance levels: * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01, and *** indicates p < 0.001, with “NS” denoting non-significant results (p ≥ 0.05). Further details, including the individual associations of these modulating factors, can be found in Supplementary Table S11. Adjustments were not made for multiple comparisons.