Extended Data Fig. 10: Strong correlation between cases with and without defined cardiometabolic diagnostic criteria.
a. Confirmed MASLD cases and potential non-MASLD cases demonstrated reasonable correlation given the small sample size of steatotic liver disease without a confirmed cardiometabolic comorbidity (N = 11). ꞵ coefficients for bacteria/archaea among potential non-MASLD cases (vs. controls) are plotted against ꞵ coefficients of confirmed MASLD cases (vs. controls) from multivariable linear models adjusted for age, body mass index, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, and diet quality. Spearman correlation test was used to fit the line, with the corresponding two-sided p-value shown. b. Confirmed MASLD cases and all potential MASLD cases demonstrated high correlation. ꞵ coefficients for bacteria/archaea among all potential MASLD cases (vs. controls) are plotted against ꞵ coefficients of confirmed MASLD cases (vs. controls) from multivariable linear models. Spearman correlation test was used to fit the line, with the corresponding two-sided p-value shown. c. Effect estimates in microbial differences from multivariable linear modelling between MASLD vs. controls with and without MASLD-defining comorbidities were generally concordant. Comparing the effect estimates for cases vs. controls without comorbid conditions (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2, have type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or reported using medications for hypertension, diabetes, or high cholesterol) demonstrated high correlation with those for cases vs. all controls. Multivariable ꞵ coefficients for confirmed MASLD cases vs. controls without cardiometabolic comorbidities are on the y-axis vs. ꞵ coefficients for confirmed MASLD cases vs. all controls are on the x-axis. Spearman correlation test was used to fit the line with the corresponding two-sided p-value shown.
