Extended Data Fig. 3: Global deletion of Hmgcs2 impairs cold-induced beige fat formation in female mice.
a. Serum βHB levels in P14 male and female mice (n = 4 for males; 6 for females). b. Schematic of the Hmgcs2 KO mouse model and experimental design. Eight-week-old female control (CTL-F) and knockout (KO-F) mice were maintained on chow and housed at room temperature (RT) or 4 °C (Cold) for 7 days. Rectal temperature was measured after 2 days of cold exposure; iWAT was collected after 7 days of cold exposure. c. Gross morphology and representative H&E-stained iWAT sections. Grid:1 cm×1 cm. Scale bar, 100 µm. d. Quantification of white and beige adipocyte numbers in iWAT sections (n = 3/group). e. mRNA expression of thermogenic and white adipocyte-selective genes in iWAT (n = 4/group). f. Changes in rectal temperature after 2 days of cold exposure. Delta rectal temperature = temperature at indicated time – baseline temperature (n = 4/group). g. Representative H&E-stained iBAT sections. Scale bar, 100 µm. h. mRNA expression of Hmgcs2 and Ucp1 in iBAT (n = 4/group). Data are expressed as means ± SD. Statistical analyses: one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons (e, f, h) and two-sided Student’s t-test (a). Illustrations in b created in BioRender.com, https://biorender.com/oql9znl.
