Extended Data Fig. 2: Fast-Cat’s hardware validation and benchmarking to quantify the inherent experimental noise.
From: Autonomous reaction Pareto-front mapping with a self-driving catalysis laboratory

a) Reaction stabilization time for a given experimental condition in multiples of the reactor residence time. b) Reaction stability across multiple automatic refills of the syringe pumps from the reagent reservoirs (mean of 3 replicates +/− standard deviation). c) Consecutive in-line GC sampling of a single hydroformylation reaction condition. d) Fast-Cat’s experimental noise via random sampling; starting in-flow hydroformylation reaction with condition 1 followed by 5 randomly selected reaction conditions before returning to condition 1 (labelled as condition 7) (mean of 3 samples at each reaction condition +/− standard deviation). Detailed reaction conditions available in the Supplementary Information section Benchmarking and Validation Conditions.