Perspectives

This Perspective summarizes recent preclinical and human applications of brain imaging and describes the transcranial wave propagation problem and recent efforts to characterize, model and compensate for skull-induced distortion.

This Perspective explores electroencephalography-based connectivity research, highlighting machine learning’s potential and the promise of personalized neuromodulation to enhance neuroplasticity and treat brain dysfunction, while addressing methodological challenges and translational prospects.

This Perspective argues that neural activity from the central nervous system that is not directly correlated to force production can be sensed via peripheral neural interfaces.

This Perspective argues that the unavailability of cortical electrodes for chronic use may stall research on adaptive deep brain stimulation for treating psychiatric conditions and that this problem can be addressed via public–private partnerships.

This Perspective discusses the need for standards that allow for comparisons of quantitative physiological features in microphysiological systems and humans.

This Perspective examines how metal ions modulate the immune system and host–microbiota interactions, and proposes strategies for the development of metal-ion-based immunotherapies.

A framework for integrating continuous therapeutic monitoring and the development of AI for clinical care may improve patient and health-system outcomes by tightening feedback loops between patient health, clinical interactions and the development of AI models.

This Perspective discusses progress in the development of robotic capsules for oral drug delivery and the challenges of realizing sophisticated multifunctional robotic pills that can function as closed-loop systems.

This Perspective discusses fairness in machine learning and how algorithmic biases arising in clinical workflows can cause healthcare disparities.

This Perspective argues that dermal interstitial fluid cannot be generally considered a diagnostically useful proxy for blood, yet that it can offer advantageous utility for the monitoring of therapeutic drugs and of the status of the immune system.

This Perspective overviews the sources of prediction uncertainty in machine learning for applications in healthcare, and discusses how to implement suitable prediction-uncertainty metrics.

This Perspective discusses the applicability of integrated whole-body PET/MRI for the study of immune-mediated phenomena associated with haematopoietic activity and cardiovascular disease.

This Perspective outlines the successes and limitations of graph deep learning for biomedical and healthcare applications.

This Perspective overviews the design and fabrication of tissue-mimicking phantom materials for the technical validation of biophotonic instrumentation, and identifies a set of criteria for their standardization.

This Perspective highlights notable milestones from the past two decades of research in cardiac tissue engineering, and outlines opportunities and challenges for further advancement.

This Perspective describes the ecosystem of software available for the analysis of tissue images and discusses the need for interactive online guides that help histopathologists make complex images understandable to non-specialists.

This Perspective describes current clinical standards for intraoperative tissue analysis in oncology and discusses potential clinical implementations of intraoperative imaging for pathology-assisted surgery.

This Perspective argues that technologies for the neural interfacing of robotic devices with the body that have been clinically tested in humans should be leveraged toward the creation of a new generation of high-performance bionic limbs.

This Perspective reviews imaging technologies for 3D pathology, and the associated computational tools for image processing and interpretation.

This Perspective outlines the current map and known functions of populations of tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells in cancer, and discusses their implications for cancer therapy and biological research.