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The management of small renal masses is a subject of considerable controversy. Many benign masses are surgically removed, and evidence points to the slow growth rate of conservatively managed renal tumors, leading to the suggestion that we might be overtreating small renal masses. In the second of two Viewpoints examining this issue, the authors outline arguments in favor of surveillance therapy as an appropriate management option in selected patient groups.
Laparoscopy is important in the treatment of children undergoing renal surgery and for the management of nonpalpable testes. Despite this, laparoscopy is still underutilized in the treatment of urologic disorders in children, compared to adult patients. This Review discusses the most common urologic indications for laparoscopy in pediatric patients and highlights problems that are specific to this patient group.
Systems pathology can overcome the limitations of more traditional pathology techniques to provide information that can be used in predicting prognosis and selecting appropriate treatments for cancer patients. This Technology Insight describes the techniques involved in systems pathology, and discusses its application in the pathologic investigation of prostate cancer and in predicting the prognosis of patients with this disease.
Studies have challenged the traditional view that the urothelium is a passive barrier to solutes and ions, and have demonstrated its sensory role in bladder function. The authors of this Review discuss the studies that have examined sensory mechanisms in the urothelium and the role these mechanisms have in the pathophysiology of bladder dysfunction.
