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Imaging mass spectrometry has revolutionised spatial metabolomics, but metabolites are annotated for only a fraction of the data. Here, authors show that METASPACE-ML enhances precision, increases throughput, and improves the identification of low-intensity and biologically relevant metabolites.

An end-to-end pipeline generates the optimal copy number combination of genes in a biosynthetic pathway for chromosomal integration to engineer high-performing strains with genetic stability.

Integrated alveolus and blood–brain barrier tissue chips recapitulate neuropathogenesis associated with infection by SARS-CoV-2.

Organ segmentation of whole-body mouse images is essential for quantitative analysis, but is tedious and error-prone. Here the authors develop a deep learning pipeline to segment major organs and the skeleton in volumetric whole-body scans in less than a second, and present probability maps and uncertainty estimates.

Here the authors reveal triple heterogeneity of H2A.Z containing nucleosomes, attributed to interactions involving the C-terminal tail of the histone variant, and demonstrate modulation of global chromatin architecture using a synthetic tail peptide.

‘Vocal bursts’ such as sighs, shrieks and shouts are human emotional vocalizations. In this study, Brooks et al. reveal similarities and differences in the emotional meaning of vocal bursts across five cultures.

Melting temperature is the parameter generally used as a measure for stability of enzymes. Here, the authors show that that the melting temperature does not necessarily correlate to the activity observed in the presence of the solvent, and introduce an alternative parameter, the concentration of the co-solvent at the point of 50% protein unfolding at a specific temperature T.

Rapid and spontaneous estimation of number is observed in many animals. Here the authors show that perceived number of items modulates the pupillary light response in humans, confirming its spontaneous nature, and introducing pupillometry as a tool to study numerical cognition.

Using phenotypic screening followed by optimization of side activities, the authors here identify pyrazolopyrimidine phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors as anti-cryptosporidial drug leads. Humanizing a Cryptosporidum PDE by CRISPR indicates they target the parasite enzyme.

Organic biocrystals play crucial roles in biological processes and diseases, yet the molecular mechanisms of their formation remain poorly understood. Here, the authors reveal that hematin crystal nucleation in malaria parasites follows a nonclassical pathway and can be modulated by solute-modifier interactions, offering a strategy to control crystal formation in a variety of systems, including for malaria treatment.

Searching online to evaluate the truthfulness of false news articles increases the probability of believing the false news articles.

An economic evaluation of the E-MOTIVE intervention for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) compared with usual care in 210,132 women, carried out from a healthcare system perspective, uncovered the cost per case of severe PPH prevented and cost per disability-adjusted life-year averted.

Standardized tasks and data sets have enabled machine learning experts to contribute to chemistry. However, current practices tend to reward incremental improvements in benchmark performance that do not necessarily translate into meaningful advances. We propose a framework for collaboration between artificial intelligence and domain experts to genuinely accelerate discovery.

Semantic dementia patients present with a core semantic impairment and variations of language, behavioural and face recognition abilities. Here, the authors build a unified multidimensional model to capture all these graded symptoms and map them to the variations in the patients’ frontotemporal atrophy.

Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have an expanding global distribution and identifying areas at risk is important for public health planning. Here, the authors present global disease maps for dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever through a multi-disease ecological niche modelling approach.

Recombined flood scenarios can exceed the historical events’ damage severity and reveal the critical role of timing between precipitation and catchment conditions, according to a perfect storm approach generating plausible extreme events by recombining historically observed precipitation and soil moisture in an analysis of major floods in Germany.

Measuring rhythm priors in 39 participant groups from 15 countries, the authors find that properties of rhythm representations are common across cultures, while variation from place to place related to local musical traditions exists.

This study finds that CRISPR-knockout phenotypes from genome-wide screens systematically show increased similarity to knockouts of unrelated genomically proximal genes located on the same chromosome arm. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that this proximity bias is caused by telomeric truncations of chromosome arms and is consistent across cell types, labs and Cas9 delivery methods.

Four labs discovered and replicated 16 novel findings with practices such as preregistration, large sample sizes and replication fidelity. Their findings suggest that with best practices, high replicability is achievable.

The synaptic vesicle protein 2 family are essential membrane proteins found in the brain that bind synaptotagmin and are targeted by anti-seizure medications. Structures reveal common features found in transport proteins, and the basis of ligand binding and selectivity.

Placenta histopathology for maternal and newborn health is highly specialised and time consuming. Here, authors present a deep learning pipeline for quantifying cells and tissues in placenta whole slide images, revealing biological and clinical insights.

In a series of human functional MRI studies, Zhang et al. find that the activation of two brain areas typically involved in language comprehension reflects working memory of social semantics rather than general semantic or syntactic processing.

Wade and colleagues analyze data from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project to examine whether stress reactivity measured at age 12 may serve as a mechanism linking early institutional deprivation with psychopathology at age 16.

Visual adaptive devices show promise for simplifying circuits and algorithms in machine vision systems. Here, the authors report a visual adaptive transistor with tunable avalanche effects and microsecond-level bionic vision capabilities, recognizing images in dim and bright conditions with over 98% accuracy.

Discovery of new therapeutics has been hampered by the often-limiting resolution and throughput of cryo-EM. Here, the authors determine high-resolution cryo-EM structures of the CDK-activating kinase to establish a methodological framework for the use of cryo-EM in structure-based drug design.

Despite being recommended, day-zero biopsies are often not performed, due to the cost and time. Here, the authors show that machine learning and donor’s basic parameters can predict the biopsy, offering a reliable virtual estimation of the day-zero biopsy findings.

Utilizing spaceflight and its ground-based analog, the authors show how the Earth’s gravity sustains the human brain’s orientation-dependent sensitivity to biological motion signals based on neural computations of visual and vestibular gravitational cues.

Newman et al. show that, upon mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication stress, enlarged nucleoids are trafficked to endosomes. Endosomal rupture releases mtDNA into the cytoplasm, triggering cGAS–STING activation and innate immune signalling.

Artificial intelligence has become popular as a cancer classification tool, but there is distrust of such systems due to their lack of transparency. Here, the authors develop an explainable AI system which produces text- and region-based explanations alongside its classifications which was assessed using clinicians’ diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic confidence, and their trust in the system.

A study of SARS-CoV-2 variants examining their transmission, infectivity, and potential resistance to therapies provides insights into the biology of the Delta variant and its role in the global pandemic.

Solar tower power plants’ efficiency is hindered due to component defects such as heliostat misalignment and surface deformations. Authors propose machine learning with differentiable ray tracing to identify these errors from calibration images and predict irradiance profiles, enhancing operational efficiency.

Habituation is a process in which animals stop responding to repetitive stimuli, and habituation is altered in autism and other conditions. Here, the authors describe visual habituation networks across the zebrafish brain, and find that fmr1 mutants show slower brain-wide and behavioural habituation.

Here, Jacobsen et al show that Varicella zoster virus glycoprotein C binds interferon gamma and induces biased signalling through its receptor, leading to higher expression of adhesion molecules, more T cell adhesion and viral spread from epithelial cells.

Natural hyperbolic materials retain the peculiar optical properties of traditional metamaterials whilst not requiring artificial structuring. Here, the authors perform a theoretical screening of a large class of natural materials with hyperbolic dispersion among the family of layered transition metal dichalcogenides.