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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

In 1931, the psychoanalyst Carl Jung took on an unusual patient, the brilliant young physicist, Wolfgang Pauli. Arthur I. Miller tells the story of their friendship, how they impacted each other’s work, and reflects on creativity.

In the context of parental or diet-induced obesity, preweaning ketosis contributes to improved health outcomes, particularly by regulating the histone acetylome and β-hydroxybutyrylome for transcriptional activation of beige fat biogenesis genes.

Here authors used patient-derived forebrain organoids to reveal how LIS1 mutations cause varying severity in a neurodevelopmental disorder, uncovering links between cytoskeletal defects, protein stress, and potential therapeutic strategies.

Tree cover gains in the moist tropics (1982–2015) were 56% naturally regenerated forests and 27% managed tree systems, with forest type influencing carbon recovery. Effective forest restoration requires robust tracking of forest types established by restoration efforts.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Researchers use a chimeric approach to reveal the first near-atomic resolution structures the yellow fever virion, showing key differences between vaccine and virulent strains that affect how antibodies recognise and neutralise the virus.

All-solid-state batteries face complex chemo-mechanical degradation. Here, authors reveal how interfacial chemical reactions in Ni-rich oxides govern reaction dynamics and microstructural changes and unveil that coatings enhance uniformity and durability.

Chemotherapy is commonly used for the treatment of cancer but resistance often occurs. Here, the authors identify mitochondrial DLAT as driver of chemotherapy resistance via interaction with (MTHFD2) and develop a decoy peptide which blocks this interaction, restoring sensitivity to chemotherapy.

Distinguishing glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains challenging due to their overlapping pathology features. Here, the authors develop a computational tool, PICTURE, for differentiating similar pathological features enabling improved diagnosis of CNS tumours.

The antibiotic polymyxin B requires bacterial metabolic activity to cause sufficient damage to the outer membrane to access the inner membrane, which it permeabilizes via an energy-independent mechanism to kill the cell.

Motion tracking systems for virtual reality are challenged in tracking and feedback capabilities. Here, the authors report a wearable sensor-haptic network capturing full-body motion and delivering real-time bidirectional feedback, while deep learning integration enables low-latency, accurate classification.

A spirited tour of alchemy shows how it bridged everything from chemical reactions, medicine and craft to philosophy, art and religion.

Although the gut microbiome contributes to the development of metabolic disease, beneficially altering the gut microbiome via increased fibre intake improves metabolic outcomes in rodents and humans. A new study by Jung et al. describes a novel mechanism by which the prebiotic fibre, inulin, can prevent and reverse hepatic steatosis via adaptations in the small intestinal microbiome.

Plasma proteomics plays a key role in advancing clinical research and biomarker discovery. Here, the authors show in a large MSCoreSys multicenter benchmark study that DIA outperforms DDA, delivering robust, precise, and reproducible label-free protein quantification across sites.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Delphi-2M forecasts a person’s future health, covering more than 1,000 diseases, provides insights into co-morbidity dynamics and generates synthetic data for the training of AI models that have never seen actual data.

African ancestry is a known risk factor for prostate cancer development, but the genetic determinants of this are incompletely understood. Here, the authors identify 172 potentially pathogenic variants which are enriched in an African population.

Malaria control and elimination require environmentally safe strategies. Here, the authors propose L-DOPA, a naturally occurring tyrosine derivative, as a mosquito dietary intervention that can shorten lifespan and reduce malaria parasite burden of female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Doping is an effective approach for tuning the Fermi level of topological magnetic materials, yet can degrade magnetic order. Here, controlled electron doping via non-stoichiometric substitution is achieved in Co_3+xSn_2-xS₂, maintaining the Kagome lattice and enhancing transport behavior.

Biocompatible and stretchy organic field-effect transistors can be created using a vulcanized blend film of semiconducting nanofibres and a medical-grade elastomer.

A mass spectrometry-based approach globally identifies protein regulators of metabolism and reveals the role of LRRC58 in controlling cysteine catabolism.

This study introduces SDR-seq, a droplet-based single-cell DNA–RNA sequencing platform, enabling the study of gene expression profiles linked to both noncoding and coding variants.

Jung et al. show the existence of polygenic overlap and associations between subjective well-being and psychiatric disorders.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Using evoked and resting-state fMRI, the effects of isolation and enrichment housing on sensory development in male mice were tested. Enrichment improved sensorimotor responses, while isolation impaired network segregation and olfactory function.

Metamaterials are artificial media with tailored optical properties that can ideally be altered at will. Jung et al.use superconducting quantum interference devices as switchable meta-atoms to build a metamaterial that can be rapidly controlled by microwave-probe signals.

Advanced rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have potential applications in the renewable energy and sustainable road transport fields. Junget al. have developed a lithium battery that uses pre-existing concepts but has highly competitive energy densities, life span and cycling properties.

Kim, Park, and colleagues present near-infrared long-lifetime upconversion nanoparticles combined with time-gated detection. These nanoparticles allow for improved performance of luminescence-based biosensing for sensitive and accurate microRNA analysis in cancer diagnostics.

The development of terahertz applications, such as sensing and spectroscopy, is limited by the lack of mass-producible tunable radiation sources. Jung et al. report a monolithic electrically pumped room-temperature terahertz source that can be tuned over the widest frequency range yet demonstrated.

Understanding molecule-surface interactions is key to neat on-surface synthesis of functional nanomaterials. Here, the authors measure interactions of metal surface atoms with CO-terminated tips to reveal their nature and reliable adsorption sites.

Early studies suggest that lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise and social engagement may help slow or prevent Alzheimer’s symptoms—but the evidence is inconsistent, and many doctors remain cautious.

The precise role of somatostatin-expressing interneurons in regulating hemodynamics remains unclear. Here, authors find that the activation of these neurons induces astrocytic calcium signaling, which subsequently drives delayed vasodilation and enhances layer-specific fMRI signals in response to prolonged sensory stimulation.

The synapses in peripheral nerves of human eyes handle intensity-modulated unipolar input, different to the bipolar spike-driven modulation in artificial synapses. Jang et al. emulate this biological function in a single transistor device and implement it into a self-adaptive artificial vision system.

The native anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) oncofetal protein is expressed in neuroblastoma and in multiple pediatric and adult solid tumors. Here, the authors show an ALK-directed antibody-drug conjugate with therapeutic efficacy in ALK-expressing preclinical models.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of β-amyloid deposition in East Asian and European populations identifies a novel SORL1 locus and highlights its differential expression in microglia associated with β-amyloid positivity.

GI forms an inactive nuclear condensate that is dispersed at high temperatures by FKF1 binding to GI’s intrinsically disordered region. The resulting FKF1–GI complex promotes SVP degradation, accelerating flowering at high ambient temperatures.

Accurate segmentation of ischemic stroke lesions from brain MRI is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment planning. Here, the authors present DeepISLES, an AI ensemble for stroke MRI analysis that outperforms previous methods and matches expert radiologist performance in identifying stroke lesions.