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Mode-locking of lasers can be understood as self-organization, and the three-dimensional case of spatiotemporal mode-locking can described using attractor dissection theory, which helps develop an intuition for this complex case.

A well-designed artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (ASEI) could help resolve multiple problems associated with the use of metallic Li anodes in batteries. Here, the authors develop a Langmuir–Blodgett method to produce an ASEI composed of functionalized graphene oxide with a compatible electrolyte formulation, which facilitates a stable cycling of Li metal batteries.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs) are prevalent in human cancers and are thought to drive tumor evolution and drug resistance by amplifying oncogenes. Here, authors develop ec3D to reconstruct three-dimensional ecDNA structures, revealing how their spatial organization rewires regulatory circuits.

Quantum spin liquids can emerge in frustrated magnets where quantum fluctuations prevent long-range order. Seifert et al. show that spin-lattice couplings can relieve magnetic frustration and destabilise 2D gapless quantum spin liquid states with fractionalised excitations, analogous to the 1D spin-Peierls instability.

Inherent limitations on continuously measured quantum systems calls into question whether they could even in principle be used for online learning. Here, the authors experimentally demonstrate a quantum machine learning framework for inference on streaming data of arbitrary length, and provide a theory with criteria for the utility of their algorithm for inference on streaming data.

Survival prediction models used in healthcare usually assume that training and test data share a similar distribution, which is not true in real-world settings. Cui and colleagues develop a stable Cox regression model that can identify stable variables for predicting survival outcomes under distribution shifts.

A dual-gate structure in bilayer MoS₂ FETs is reported, allowing a high carrier density by compensating for the fringing field, which holds promise for 2D semiconductor logic applications.

Kozai, Fernandez-Martinez et al. use high-speed atomic force microscopy to study the permeability barrier of yeast nuclear pore complexes. They show that karyopherins remodel a central plug that shapes barrier dynamics and disorder within the pore.

The Unruh effect is a seminal result which illustrates the relative character of the particle concept in QFT, but its validity for extended systems is debated. Here, the authors show how a uniformly accelerated extended system of two coupled spins will evolve to a Gibbs thermal state at the Unruh temperature.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Recent work has demonstrated a continuous time crystal in an electron-nuclear spin system in the InGaAs semiconductor. Here, using periodic modulation, the authors reveal effects of synchronization, quasi-periodic, and chaotic dynamics, demonstrating universal nonlinear effects in a time-crystalline platform.

A multiscale photoproximity labeling proteomics workflow captures dynamic neighborhoods of extracellular and intracellular epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor interactomes during early, middle and late signaling upon activation by EGF.

A computational model predicts coordinated drift of neural receptive fields during noisy representation learning and recapitulates experimental observations in the posterior parietal cortex and hippocampal CA1.

Scalable characterisation of quantum states can be achieved by leveraging on simplifications valid for specific classes of states. Here, the authors show how to combine the strengths of shadows and many-body tomography for all states exhibiting exponential decay of correlations and the approximate Markov property.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A hidden Markov model that uses probabilistic retrospective inference allows for up to one month of unsupervised recalibration in an online cursor-based intracortical brain–machine interface.

Modelling studies suggest that large-scale win–win solutions are available, but practitioners confronted with real-world complexity are sceptical. This study shows that increasing the number of objectives, the number of stakeholders or the number of constraints decreases the availability of win–win outcomes.

Whole-genome and transcriptome analysis of 1,364 cases of breast cancer from South Korea broadens our understanding of breast cancer biology and reveals genomic features that connect tumour biology with treatment responses and clinical outcomes.

Finding a general way to come up with optimal strategies for quantum information tasks is a matter of both fundamental and practical interest. Here, the authors tackle the problem using the formalism of quantum preparation games, finding applications for entanglement detection and quantification.

A one-component fluid confined in a slit pore is studied by thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The authors find that thermodynamics holds even in the limit of vanishing pore width and crosses over from that for a 3D system to that for a 2D one if the singularities in normal pressure and chemical potential are treated properly.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

The application of astatine, one of the rarest elements on the earth, in the treatment of cancer requires a better understanding of its chemistry. Rothe et al. report the first measurement of the ionization potential of astatine, against which high-level quantum calculations are benchmarked.

As a promising large-scale energy storage device, aqueous redox flow batteries face challenges with water splitting. Here, authors present polyoxometalate anolyte with a low redox potential which exhibits dynamic pH value changes during charging and discharging.

Elevated levels of IL-33 induce the production of autoantibodies through an unknown mechanism. Here, the authors show that IL-33 disrupts splenic architecture and germinal center organization, causing an expansion of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and plasma cells. In multiple mouse models of inflammation, administration of IL-33 exacerbates the pathology, increasing the production of autoantibodies, whereas IL-33 blockade reverses autoantibody production in a model of lung inflammation.

Cathodes for Li-ion batteries operate mainly via an insertion–deinsertion redox process involving cationic species but this mechanism does not account for the high capacities displayed by Li-rich layered oxides. The reactivity of high-capacity Li₂Ru_1−ySn_yO₃ materials is now shown to be associated with a reversible redox process related to a reductive coupling mechanism.

Confined within a porous aerogel, superfluid ³He loses its long-range order owing to random microscopic disorder, and becomes a glassy superfluid. Intriguingly, this effect can be switched off and the superfluidity restored.

The authors used a machine learning model to distinguish patients with cocaine use disorder and polysubstance use history from healthy controls, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity data.

Previous numerical work has predicted a new spin liquid phase in the antiferromagnetic Kitaev model at intermediate magnetic fields; however, its nature is not easily discernible by numerical approaches. Here, by using a variational approach, the authors show that this phase is a gapped Abelian spin liquid

The phase 3 STEER trial showed that a single intrathecal dose of onasemnogene abeparvovec significantly improved motor function in children and adolescents with spinal muscular atrophy versus sham, with a similar and acceptable safety profile.

In this study, the authors present that patterned low-intensity ultrasound mimicking brainwave rhythms revitalizes spinal astrocytes to normalize pain signaling, reversing inflammation and providing long-lasting relief from neuropathic pain in mice.

Using quantitative brain imaging, the authors show opposite fMRI BOLD signal to metabolic activity due to variable oxygen extraction across the human cortex. This questions the canonical interpretation of fMRI signal in terms of neuronal activity.

Diffusion models excel at molecular generation. Here, authors present SiMGen, a complementary local similarity-based approach. SiMGen offers more control over the generation process and can guide existing models to generate specific fragments.

The authors present a strategy to construct dynamic biomolecular landscapes. Here, they derive a quantitative description of the distribution timescales and amplitudes of reorientational motion of POPC membranes from the combination of NMR relaxation data and frame analysis of MD simulations.

Quantum correlations of spontaneous two-photon emission emitted from a bright quantum dot device are revealed, facilitating the creation of entangled photons with near-unity fidelity.

Leaf and vein development must be precisely coordinated, yet the molecular signals linking these processes have remained unclear. This study identifies JUL1 as a non–cell-autonomous regulator that connects vascular development with the refinement of leaf polarity.

Charge and thermal transport in low-dimensional and mesoscopic systems exhibit significant deviation from classical behaviour. Here the authors study quantitatively how heat flow in a quantum circuit is affected by thermal shot noise and Coulomb interactions.

Interactive robots can be used to study animal social behaviour. Imitation learning can be used to enable a rat-like robot to learn subtle templates of social behaviour, demonstrating that it can modulate the emotional states of rats through varied interaction patterns.

Nanoscale physical unclonable function labels that offer multiple, independently operating keys and can be used for high-speed multipurpose identification can be created by exploiting the non-deterministic molecular self-assembly of block copolymers.

Temporal variability of structural-functional coupling (SFC) remains poorly understood. Here, authors show such variability is underpinned by specific transcriptomic and chemoarchitectural signatures, thereby supporting neurocognitive specialization.

Cheng et al., use non-infectious stable viral replicon cell lines in genome-wide CRISPR KO screens across diverse viral pathogens to identify host factors specifically involved in the intracellular stages of viral replication.

Interferometric detection schemes exploit phase-sensitive combination of spatially separated observation to increase sensitivity. Here, the authors combine data from two atomic comagnetometers separated by 860 km to improve limits on axion-like particles across nine orders of magnitude of mass range.