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Snakebite envenoming is a significant public health problem in India, particularly in rural tropical and subtropical regions. Here, the authors report findings from a community-based cross-sectional study in India on the incidence, clinical outcomes, and costs associated with snake bites.

Hafiz Muhammed Wariss and Wenjun Li are captivated by a pungent but threatened medicinal plant.

Here, using samples from ~1,100 individuals, the authors define the nasal microbiome linked to Staphylococcus aureus colonization, identifying seven communities- either S. aureus-dominated or dominated by other bacteria.

Ginhoux, Dutertre and colleagues provide a comprehensive analysis of dendritic cell subsets and states across human tumoral and juxtatumoral tissues.

Across species, how aging leads to progressive spatial memory decline is not fully understood. This study reports dysfunctional spatial coding by aged entorhinal grid cells and networks related to impaired spatial memory and identifies implicated neuronal gene expression changes.

Using data from the CoVPN 3008 study, the authors show that the neutralizing antibody correlate of risk holds in people living with HIV. However, the nAb correlate was weaker and shorter-lived in a vaccine-immunity versus hybrid-immunity population.

Here, by integrating faecal metabolomics, metagenomics, and habitual dietary data of two large human cohorts, the authors show that faecal metabolites reflect diet and gut microbiome interactions, predict dietary patterns, and indicate cardiovascular risk, offering insights for diet-based health interventions.

Reassessment of the Jurassic shark †Bavariscyllium challenges understanding of early galeomorph evolution, showing these sharks explored diverse body forms, predating the divergence of most major body plans among modern representatives.

In a prospective study enrolling 1,222 patients from 22 emergency departments, a device using a machine-learning-based signature of blood mRNAs demonstrated clinically acceptable performance to diagnose bacterial and viral infections and to predict the all-cause need for critical care interventions within 7 days, with benchmark to established biomarkers and risk scores.

A large-scale multi-omics analysis reports oncogenic alterations that drive medulloblastoma progression, rather than initiation, and the findings show how single-cell technologies can be used for early detection and diagnosis of medulloblastoma.

This research uncovered a critical inconsistency between the genetic and antigenic evolution of Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses using a pseudovirus tool and identified the key amino acid substitutions driving this divergence, which provides crucial insights for vaccine development and pandemic preparedness.

Here, Siranosian et al. provide evidence for rare transmission of commensal and pathogenic bacteria between the microbiomes of hospitalized adults, with important factors being roommate overlap and exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics.

A longitudinal genomic surveillance of Enterococcus faecium carriage, environmental contamination and transmission in a defined patient cohort shows that a hospital-adapted E. faecium lineage was hyperendemic.

Future quantum networks will require entangled photons operating in the telecommunications band, so they can integrate with existing architectures. Ward et al.present a quantum-dot-entangled-photon-pair source in this region and a method to measure the fidelity of a time-evolving Bell state.

Authors used nanopore-based ITS2 sequencing analysis to map the global distribution of human-infecting Trichuris spp. They reveal a wide presence of T. incognita, its zoonotic potential, and provide insights for better control of infections.

Synapse dysfunction contributes to cognitive decline with age. Here, the authors show that aging-related changes in microglia and the extracellular matrix are associated with synapse abundance, extracellular matrix buildup, and cognitive deficits in aging mice.

This study presents a BRET biosensor that measures how anticancer drugs cooperatively engage PRMT5 complexes in cells, revealing how cellular metabolites such as SAM and MTA enhance drug action and enable precision therapies for MTAP-deleted tumors.

Childhood mortality is a global health problem. Plasma lipopolysaccharide levels, inflammatory stool biomarkers and proteomics were used in a nested case-cohort in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia to predict mortality and decode immune mechanisms.

Whether higher-order visual areas exhibit a fine-grained functional organization remains poorly understood. Here, the authors use high-resolution fMRI to reveal that category-selective regions in macaques are organized into mesoscale functional units which form distinct long-range mesoscale functional networks.

scooby achieves DNA sequence-based single-cell level modeling of RNA-sequencing coverage and ATAC-sequencing insertion profiles by adapting a deep learning model that predicts bulk RNA-sequencing coverage.

The role of rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumour development remains poorly understood. Here, the authors investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of germline P/LP variants in cancer predisposition genes across 830 CNS tumour patients.

Spatiotemporal characterization of microbial diversity and antibiotic resistance in a tertiary-care hospital reveals broad distribution and persistence of antibiotic-resistant organisms that could cause opportunistic infections in a healthcare setting.

This work presents scEpi²-seq, a method for simultaneous single-cell profiling of DNA methylation and histone modifications, enabling direct investigation of the interplay between these two epigenomic marks.

McCreery, Stubb et al. show that mechano-osmotic changes in the nucleus induce general transcriptional repression and prime chromatin for cell fate transitions by relieving repression of specific differentiation genes.

Proximity labeling allows proteomic mapping of subcellular structures. Here, Sroka et al. develop in situ APEX activation (iAPEX) to overcome limitations of labeling specificity and H2O2 toxicity, applying their approach to reveal cilia proteomes and expand proteomic access across organelles, cell types and organisms.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an urgent threat to human health. Here, Roberts et al. characterise and monitor an ongoing hospital outbreak of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter hormaechei by integrating several technologies for whole-genome sequencing and shotgun metagenomics.

Analyses of ancient human DNA show that cultural and political transformations in Central Europe during the second half of the first millennium ce were associated with movements of Slavic populations into Germany, Poland and Croatia.

The biological understanding of poor prognosis associated with lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancer (HNC) remains crucial. Here, a proteomic characterisation of 140 multisite samples from a 59-HNC patient cohort and machine learning reveals potential biomarkers and metastasis related signatures.

Targeting the integrin VLA-4 with natalizumab has shown efficacy in treating multiple sclerosis, but relapse still occurs in some patients. Here the authors use a high-content cell imaging (HCI) pipeline and machine learning to assess the morphology of T cells from MS patients prior to natalizumab regime for defining features associated with treatment responses.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Analyses of strain-resolved metagenomics with isolate sequencing data of skin samples from residents at nursing homes suggest that skin is a reservoir for Candida auris and other multidrug-resistant bacterial species.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The gut microbiome is causally linked to body weight in preclinical models. Here, in a controlled feeding study, the authors show that greater delivery of gut-microbiome fermentable dietary substrates to the colon leads to a net negative energy balance that is accompanied by robust microbial and host responses.

A large fraction of aquatic bacteria remains uncultured. Here, the authors cultivated 627 strains of abundant freshwater bacteria from 14 European lakes, thus generating a collection that includes many previously uncultured, oligotrophic bacteria that may serve as model organisms.

TDP-43 dysfunction in ALS/FTD causes faulty splicing of the KCNQ2 ion channel, leading to toxic protein buildup, neuron hyperactivity and a potential new biomarker and treatment target using RNA-based therapies.

Tsering et al. show that in pants, HSP90 acts as a positive regulator of auxin transport by providing steady-state levels of ABCB transport capacity in an action that isorchestrated by its co-chaperone FKBP42/TWISTED DWARF1.

Owing to their atomically thin nature, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides host room temperature, strongly bound excitons. Here, the authors show that the thermodynamical balance between fission and fusion of excitons can be tuned by the dielectric environment and charge carrier doping and observed by photoemission spectroscopy.