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Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

To address an evidence gap for the efficacy of hypertension therapy using dual drug combinations in patients of South Asian origin, a randomized clinical trial conducted in India found that three types of dual drug combinations, each administered in a single pill, had similarly large effects on reducing blood pressure.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Earlier this year, the FDA responded to the findings of CHOIR and several other studies by issuing a Public Health Advisory about the risks associated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and introducing a black box warning to the labeling of these drugs. In this Viewpoint, Ajay K Singh responds to some of the criticisms that have been leveled at CHOIR and offers some practical advice for implementing the FDA's guidance.

Zaman, Yang and Huang et al. demonstrate MDK’s suppressive effect on amyloid-β and its impact on amyloid burden and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease mice, highlighting its protective role in pathogenesis.

Since the publication of the CHOIR and CREATE study results, tremendous attention has focused on the cardiovascular effects of anemia correction in patients with chronic kidney disease. Less publicized has been the finding of a potentially higher risk of progression to end-stage renal disease among patients assigned to a higher hemoglobin target. Ajay K Singh examines whether the sum of evidence indicates a harmful or a beneficial effect of anemia correction on the progression of kidney disease.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

A self-amplifying mRNA vaccine shows promise in this new modality by eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) variant in a phase 2/3 trial.

Microfluidics is an attractive route for synthesis, but can suffer from poor reactivity with gaseous reagents. Here the authors report a microfluidic system catalysing an interfacial reaction between CO₂and liquid phase reagents by modifying silicon nanowires with immobilized ionic liquid catalysts.

Synthesis of single-crystal complex-oxide films directly on silicon is difficult due to differing interfacial chemistry. Here, the authors demonstrate room-temperature integration of single-crystal lead zirconate titanate on to silicon to act as a gate insulator in a field-effect transistor.

The rich ethnolinguistic and sociocultural differences that exist in India offers a unique opportunity to study human diversity. With the whole genomes of 10,000 healthy and unrelated Indians from 83 populations, the GenomeIndia project captures the genetic diversity of one of the highly underrepresented populations in the global genomics landscape.

Tissue nanotransfection (TNT) achieves non-viral vasculogenic reprogramming of the skin. Here the authors show that upregulation of TET1/2/3, limited under diabetic conditions, is effective in markedly improving TNT-induced vasculogenic outcomes thus rescuing ischemic diabetic tissue at risk.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

A study of SARS-CoV-2 variants examining their transmission, infectivity, and potential resistance to therapies provides insights into the biology of the Delta variant and its role in the global pandemic.

Carcinogenic compounds present difficulties in synthesis not just during reaction but perhaps especially during purification. Here, the authors report a microfluidic device for the use of carcinogenic chloromethyl methyl ether that includes a silicon nanowire separator allowing isolated, automated purification.

Characterizing how genetic variation impacts cell morphology can provide an important links between disease association and cellular function. Here the authors identified the morphological impacts of genomic variants by generating high-throughput morphological profiling and whole genome sequencing data on iPSCs from 297 donors.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

The specifics of the pediatric immune response that gives rise to antibodies capable of neutralising diverse HIV-1 strains is not fully understood. Here the authors characterise the immune environment of Simian-HIV infected paediatric macaques and link to antibody neutralisation induction.

Tailoring MOFs to allow access of complex and large molecules is a challenging task due to their inherent microporous nature. Here the authors engineer meso- and macroporous MOF patterns and membranes via a mild decarboxylation applicable to different substrates, demonstrating their potential in macromolecule separations.

Murthy et al. demonstrate that cancer-associated fibroblast-derived acetate regulates polyamine homeostasis via an ACSS2–SP1–SAT1 axis in pancreatic cancer cells, thus enabling cell survival and tumour development under acidosis.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Light-induced reactions of diazo compounds have become crucial in organic synthesis and drug discovery, however, optimization of reaction conditions is still very time-consuming. Here, the authors develop a DigiChemTree platform using artificial intelligence to auto-optimize the photochemical reaction parameters and rapidly synthesize an on-demand library of molecules.

This study presents the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Fanzor2, showcasing its unique structural elements and nucleic acid interaction sites. A comparison to TnpB-related RNA-guided endonucleases highlights divergent evolutionary paths.

Kumarasamy Thangaraj and colleagues describe the association of a 25-bp deletion in MYBPC3 with heritable cardiomyopathies in Indian populations. They find a high prevalence (4–8%) of the deletion in surveyed Indian populations and an absence of the deletion in surveyed populations outside of Southeast Asia.

The 2004 Sumatra earthquake was one of the largest events to occur in a subduction zone in the past 50 years. Seismic reflection data for this subduction zone reveal thrust faults cutting across the entire oceanic crust. This observation, coupled with the hypocentres of aftershocks, suggests that the megathrust—the interface between the Indo-Australian plate and the Sunda plate—currently lies in the oceanic mantle.

The mechanism of nucleation for α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation and amyloid formation in Parkinson’s disease is unclear. Now, α-Syn has been shown to undergo liquid–liquid phase separation and a liquid-to-solid-like transition leading to amyloid fibril formation. This raises the possibility that liquid–liquid phase separation is a key pathogenic mechanism behind α-Syn aggregation in Parkinson’s disease.

The investigation of thermal conductivity is crucial to the success of many modern technologies. Here the authors have reported an unusual glass-like thermal conductivity in a single crystal of layered halide perovskite, Cs₃Bi₂I₆Cl₃.