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The 5-Cog paradigm, a culturally fair and non-literacy biased cognitive detection tool paired with a clinical decision support improved cognitive impairment diagnosis and management threefold in primary care patients with cognitive concerns.

Biosecurity experts use military-style exercises to plan for biological threats. Have their warnings been heeded?

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies link tissue morphology with gene expression, but remain expensive to use; furthermore, models that predict ST data from histopathology images possess considerable limitations. Here, the authors develop STimage, a deep learning probabilistic framework for ST prediction from histopathology images while prioritising robustness and interpretability.

CLC transporters exchange Cl⁻ for H⁻ with 2:1 stoichiometry. Here, authors integrate hydrogen-deuterium exchange, cryo-EM, MD simulations, ion binding analysis, and functional assays to establish a complete ion-exchange model, explaining how subtle dynamics enable reversible transport.

The metastatic potential of patients following breast cancer neoadjuvant therapy is highly variable. Here, the authors demonstrated the predictive and prognostic value of ctDNA in 723 patients with high-risk early-stage breast cancer using serial analysis.

In the phase 1/2 TRIDENT-1 trial, treatment of patients with NTRK fusion–positive advanced solid tumors with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor repotrectinib—selective for ROS1, TRKA−C and ALK—was safe and resulted in durable systemic and intracranial clinical response.

TCR-TRANSLATE, a deep learning framework adapting machine translation to immune design, demonstrates the successful generation of a functional T cell receptor sequence for a cancer epitope from the target sequence alone.

Somatic mutations in blood cells (CHIP) are linked to diseases like heart disease, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that different CHIP driver genes alter unique sets of plasma proteins, some of which are validated in mouse models.

Insulin-activated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) regulates glucose metabolism. Here the authors report that its disruption in a mouse model of ataxia-telangiectasia leads to insulin resistance, glutamine dependence, and selective Purkinje cell degeneration, while α-Ketoglutarate supplementation shows promise in mitigating neurodegeneration.

The authors show that deep brain stimulation (DBS) inhibits local neural activity via differential suppression of glutamate and GABA release, and they developed a chemogenetic therapy as a less invasive, cost-effective alternative to electrical DBS.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

Extracellular matrices are viscoelastic, yet how matrix viscoelasticity regulates the epigenome remains unclear. Here, the authors show that cells cultured on viscoelastic matrices exhibit changes in the nucleoskeleton and in chromatin that enhance cell reprogramming.

Transferrin receptor (TfR) and CD98hc are increasingly used to enable more effective drug delivery to the central nervous system. Here, the authors reveal comprehensive and distinct brain cellular and whole body biodistribution patterns of TfR- and CD98hc-binding molecules.

To celebrate the first 20 years of Nature Reviews Genetics, we asked 12 leading scientists to reflect on the key challenges and opportunities faced by the field of genetics and genomics.

Meta-analysis of 36,760 cases and 375,188 controls identifies 54 loci associated with susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma. Further analysis combining nevus count and hair color GWAS results provide insights into the genetic architecture of melanoma.

Cities may host surprisingly diverse and functionally distinct biological communities. This global analysis on 5302 vertebrate and invertebrate species finds evidence of 4 trait syndromes in urban animal assemblages, modulated by spatial and geographic factors.

Linking microscale cellular structures to macroscale features of the brain is required to fully understand its structure and function. Here, the authors present a resource which combines multi-contrast microscopy and MRI of a single whole macaque brain to facilitate multimodal analyses.

To better understand the etiology of frailty, the authors perform a large genetic study. They identified 45 additional variants and implicated MET, CHST9, ILRUN, APOE, CGREF1 and PPP6C as potential causal genes, linking frailty to immune regulation, metabolism and cellular signaling.

This Review discusses challenges and best practices for archiving genetics and genomics data to make them more accessible and FAIR compliant.

The conversational diagnostic artificial intelligence system AMIE (Articulate Medical Intelligence Explorer) has potential as a real-world tool for clinical history-taking and diagnostic dialogue, based on its performance in simulated consultations.

Dense calcium imaging combined with co-registered high-resolution electron microscopy reconstruction of the brain of the same mouse provide a functional connectomics map of tens of thousands of neurons of a region of the primary cortex and higher visual areas.

Calcium imaging of the mouse jejunum shows that specific nutrients in the intestinal lumen are detected by epithelial cells, which activate specific sets of enteric neurons through a serotonin-mediated signalling process.

This Resource describes data, code and tools developed for the Human Reference Atlas and the Human BioMolecular Atlas Program for building and navigating a multiscale human atlas.

The authors analyse tree responses to an extreme heat and drought event across South America to understand long-term climate resistance. While no more sensitive to this than previous lesser events, forests in drier climates showed the greatest impacts and thus vulnerability to climate extremes.

We developed PRINT, a computational method that identifies footprints of DNA–protein interactions from bulk and single-cell chromatin accessibility data across multiple scales of protein size.

Current methods for detecting insertions from short read sequencing data generally have low sensitivity. Here, the authors develop a new tool that runs quickly and detects significantly more true positive insertions compared to any combination of existing methods.

Plastics pollution has intertwined environmental, economic and social consequences calling for holistic solutions that require systems analysis. This study evaluates how and to what extent systems analysis tools are used in research on plastic pollution to support policy design.

Crop failures are potentially predictable much further in advance than previously thought possible. Using multiyear forecasts of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Anderson et al. show that crop failures can be predicted before the planting season even begins in some countries.

GROWdb defines US river microbiomes at the genome level.

Single-cell transcriptomics and protein expression analyses of salivary glands and gingiva, along with the detection of infectious virus and virus-specific antibodies in saliva from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, support a potential role for the oral cavity in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Gut microbiota factors including IgA coating can predict disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Neuronal populations in the temporal cortex fire show increased activity in response to face stimuli. Here, the authors show using human intracranial recordings that face perception involves anatomically discrete but temporally distributed response profiles in the human ventral temporal cortex.

In genome-wide association meta-analysis, it is often difficult to find an independent dataset of sufficient size to replicate associations. Here, the authors have developed MAMBA to calculate the probability of replicability based on consistency between datasets within the meta-analysis.

Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is associated with reduced neutrophil recruitment. Here, Payne et al. link formylated peptides, which act as chemoattractants for neutrophils, with the antibiotic vancomycin and show that these hybrid compounds improve clearance of S. aureus by neutrophils.

FlyWire is an online community and a platform for proofreading electron microscopy-based connectome data of the Drosophila brain.

A diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries provides health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

X-ray spectroscopy is a tool used for the investigation of aqueous solutions but the strong absorption of water means that very thin liquid sheets are needed for accurate analysis. Here the authors produce free-flowing liquid sheets 2 orders of magnitude thinner than sheets obtained with existing techniques.

A vociferous debate about vitamin-D supplementation reveals the difficulty of distilling strong advice from weak evidence.

At a time when the world must cut greenhouse gas emissions precipitously, artificial intelligence (AI) brings large opportunities and large risks. To address its uncertain environmental impact, we propose the ‘Earth alignment’ principle to guide AI development and deployment towards planetary stability.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

An improved strategy for large-scale combinatorial CRISPR screening enables the identification of synergistic drug targets for cancer.

Low total energy expenditure (TEE) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but longitudinal repeatability of TEE is incompletely understood. Here the authors report that TEE is repeatable for adults, but not for children, and increases in TEE (adjusted for fat-free mass, fat mass, age and sex) are not associated with body composition changes in short-term longitudinal analyses.

Cue reactivity measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging is used in studies of substance-use disorders. This Consensus Statement is the result of a Delphi process to arrive at parameters that should be reported in describing these studies.

TRIPOD-LLM (transparent reporting of a multivariable model for individual prognosis or diagnosis–large language model) is a checklist of items considered essential for good reporting of studies that are developing or evaluating an LLM for use in healthcare settings. It is a ‘living guideline’ that emphasizes transparency, human oversight and task-specific performance reporting.