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Neuromorphic computing has shown the capability of low-power real-time parallel computations, however, implementing the backpropagation algorithm entirely on a neuromorphic chip has remained challenging. The authors propose a spiking neural network implementation of the exact backpropagation algorithm fully on-chip without a computer in the loop.

The catalytic performance of dilute Pd-in-Au alloys depends on the Pd ensemble size on the bimetallic nanoparticle surface. Here the authors reveal how Pd ensemble formation on Au nanoparticles depends on the deposition sequence and nanoparticle–support wetting interactions, consequently affecting reactivity.

Nanocatalysts can restructure during reactions. Here, the authors dynamically varied the stoichiometry of the surface species in 30 % Pd-in-Au nanoparticles by modulating H2 and O2 gases and quantified the formation kinetics of Pd regions and oxides.

Rational catalyst design is crucial toward achieving more energy-efficient and sustainable catalytic processes. Here the authors report a data-driven approach for understanding catalytic reactions mechanisms in dilute bimetallic catalysts by combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy with activity studies and kinetic modeling.

Electrostrictors are materials that develop mechanical strain proportional to the square of the applied electric field. Here authors report. Zr-doped-Ceria as a new lead-free electrostrictive material with a similar electrostriction coefficient to the best electrostrictor material currently in use.

Developing high-productive and energy-saving systems in formate electrosynthesis is attractive but challenging. Here, the authors report an efficient Rh-dispersed In₂O₃ catalyst for CO₂ reduction, benefiting the ampere-level formate coproduction when pairing with anodic aldehyde oxidative dehydrogenation.

Studying a catalyst during reaction (operando conditions) can give significant insights into the changes a catalyst undergoes. Here, the authors use an operandoapproach to correlate X-ray spectroscopy and electron based imaging techniques to measure the dynamic changes in Pt nanoparticles during the catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene.

It is challenging to maintain the CO selectivity under high current densities in CO₂ electro-reduction process. Here the authors report the synergistic interface between redox active CO₂ organic sorbents and defective Ag catalysts that can enable an ampere level CO₂-to-CO conversion.

Highly effective and selective noble metal-free catalysts continue to attract significant attention but require reaction specific tuning. Here, the authors fabricate a single-atom iron catalyst at low loading, which shows excellent transfer hydrogenation performance even at low reaction temperatures.

Terminal oxo complexes of transition metals are important in biological and chemical processes, for example, the catalytic oxidation of organic molecules and the activation of dioxygen on metal surfaces are thought to involve oxo complexes. This paper explored the reactivity of a d⁶ Pt(IV) complex, a dⁿ (n > 5) terminal oxo complex that is not stabilized by an electron withdrawing ligand framework. The complex exhibits reactivity as an inter- and intra-molecular oxygen donor and as an electrophile.

Platinum dispersed on metal oxide supports is widely used for industrially important catalysis such as the reverse water gas shift reaction, but active site migration and subsequent alterations in catalytic performance are still not fully understood. Here, the use of platinum on ceria nanodomes shows the detrimental effect of migration of platinum nanoparticles to titania supports at elevated temperatures.

Steering the selectivity-determining steps is as important as the C–C coupling steps in CO₂ electroreduction. Here the authors highlight that single-site noble metal dopants on the Cu surface can influence C–O bond dissociation and direct the post-C–C coupling pathways to ethylene versus ethanol.

Understanding how pores evolve in metals submerged in molten salts is important for nanofabrication technology and molten salt corrosion in nuclear and solar power plants. Here, the authors present an in situ X-ray 3D imaging to directly visualize and quantify the process.

Singly dispersed bimetallic catalysts should exhibit different behaviour and activity to bulk bimetallic species. Here, the authors fabricate isolated Rh₁Co₃bimetallic catalytic sites and demonstrate their high activity and selectivity for nitric oxide reduction.

Revealing the structure and dynamics of active sites is essential to understand catalytic mechanisms. Here the authors demonstrate the dynamic nature of perimeter Pt⁰−O vacancy−Ce³⁺ sites in Pt/CeO₂ and the key effects of their dynamics on the mechanism of the water gas shift reaction.

Determining active species in non-precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction remains a challenge due to catalyst heterogeneity. Here the authors perform gas-phase treatments on an iron-based catalyst to allow the identification of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles as the active species.

Structure insensitivity in catalysis has been empirically observed, but no satisfactory theoretical explanation could be given. By studying different nanoparticle sizes under dynamic catalytic conditions reaction-dependent particle size dependent restructuring was linked to the aforementioned.

Metal–metal oxide inverse catalysts are an intriguing class of materials, although the understanding of their structure–activity properties remains elusive. Here, Vlachos and colleagues unravel the complex dynamic interplay between Brønsted acid and redox sites at the surface of a PtWO_x/C inverse catalyst, offering a strategy to tune its acid-catalysed dehydration reactivity.

Catalytic transformation of CH₄ under mild conditions has implications to shale gas utilization. Here, the authors report the transformation of CH₄ to acetic acid through coupling of CH₄, CO and O₂ on single-site Rh₁O₅ anchored in microporous aluminosilicates in liquid phase.

Metal–organic frameworks have been shown to adsorb and decompose chemical warfare agents, but their mechanism of action is not completely understood. Here the authors quantitatively track the binding and decomposition product structures of nerve-agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate in host UiO-67 through in situ X-ray total scattering measurements, pair distribution function analysis, and density functional theory calculations.

Decontamination of sulfur-containing chemical warfare agents can be achieved through selective, air-based oxidation. Here a solid, solvent-free catalyst for aerobic oxidative decontamination of sulfur mustard is reported.

Dilute alloy nanoparticles are a promising class of heterogeneous catalysts, but how their composition and structure affects performance is imperfectly understood. Here dilute PdAu catalysts are shown to be highly dynamic, which enables systematic tuning of their structure and composition to maintain an active state.