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Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

DNA methylation in mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) is restricted to transposable elements, but how this unique DNA methylome is established is poorly understood. Here, the authors identify UHRF2 as a factor required for the selective DNA methylation at transposable elements in PGCs.

Microbial communities rely on metabolic interactions to survive in extreme environments. This study shows that rising temperatures increase these interactions, particularly between less related species, highlighting the role of metabolic cooperation in microbial adaptation to thermal stress.

Skin is constantly exposed to environmental stressors. Georgopoulos and colleagues show that regulatory T cells respond to the cytokine TSLP produced by stressed keratinocytes and that a loss of skin T_reg cell expression of TSLPR leads to lethal inflammation.

Bouvain et al. develop fluorine-loaded nanotracers engineered with binding peptides targeting the neutrophil-specific receptor CD177 for specific and non-invasive mapping of murine and human neutrophil dynamics by whole-body MRI.

High-density multimodal soft bioelectronic fibres provide a platform for minimally invasive implantable electronics, where diverse sensing and stimulation functionalities can be effectively integrated.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

In atrial fibrillation patients, circulating biomarkers reflecting inflammation, myocardial injury, and coagulation improve prediction of stroke, heart failure, and bleeding, outperforming clinical scores and enhance risk stratification.”.

Here, the authors show that IRX3 is a transcriptional master regulator of multiple histone- and chromatin-remodeling enzymes and the SUMOylation pathway in adipocyte precursor cells. IRX3 ablation results in a SUMOylation-dependent switch from adipogenic to osteogenic identity.

Theoretical modelling shows that elastic fluctuations can enable the tuning of metal-to-insulator transitions, potentially also explaining the dependence of the transition temperature on cation radius in perovskite transition-metal oxides.

Loss of Kmt2c or Kmt2d in mice drives the redeployment of KMT2A–menin to bivalent promoters, leading to changes in gene expression. This primes cells for transformation and elicits sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors.

In mammals, the enzyme TGDS produces UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose, which binds to the catalytic pocket of UDP-xylose synthase, thereby regenerating the essential NAD⁺ cofactor of UDP-xylose synthase in conditions of low NAD⁺.

External strain is a versatile tool to enhance charge carrier mobility in transistor devices. Here Hiroshiet al.demonstrate that at low temperatures strain in an organic transistor device can be used to induce a superconducting state.

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSP) in the myocardial scar inhibit the tissue’s reinnervation, rendering it prone to arrhythmia. Here the authors show that blocking the activity of the CSP receptor, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor σ, promotes scar reinnervation and prevents arrhythmia in mice.

High atmospheric concentrations of isoprene have been observed in the Southern Ocean. The authors investigate their potential marine sources and show how these emissions impact the modelling of atmospheric processes and composition in remote environments.

This study reports age-dependent negative correlations between temporal changes in maximal leaf area index and growing season length, indicating contrasting leaf acclimation strategies driving vegetation greening in young versus old deciduous broadleaf forests.

Geometrical restriction is a serious obstacle for electrical manipulation of magnetism using the spin Hall effect. Here, Hibino et al. report a mechanism of magnetic-dependent charge-to-spin conversion in a ferromagnet due to spin-orbit coupling, which removes this restriction and achieves a large enhancement of the conversion efficiency.

Indigenous peoples are disproportionally affected by poor kidney health outcomes globally. Here, a group of Indigenous and non-Indigenous authors provide a global overview of kidney health among Indigenous populations across different regions and its key determinants, including structural factors, and make actionable policy recommendations for addressing these health inequities.

Self-renewing cells play an important role in initiation, progression, and therapy resistance in glioblastoma. Here, the authors identify histone variant macroH2A2 as a regulator of chromatin organisation resulting in the suppression of transcriptional programs of self-renewal in glioblastoma.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

At the World Health Summit, diversity in representation is increasing — but influence remains uneven. Drawing on 11 years of speaker data from one of the most prominent global health forums, we uncover patterns in gender, geography and sector. We propose three areas for future reform to ensure global health platforms move beyond tokenism towards meaningful inclusion and accountability.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

Cardiovascular function declines with age. In this study, the authors show that the BAT-derived lipokine 12,13-diHOME preserves cardiac function in aged mice by attenuating pathological CaMKII activity.

A multimodal imaging approach using a high-density lipoprotein-derived nanotracer with a perfluoro-crown ether payload enables myeloid cell dynamics to be studied in vivo in mouse models of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

Platelet hyperreactivity is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with PAD. Here the authors derive and validate a circulating platelet genetic signature to discriminate platelet hyperreactivity and cardiovascular risk.

Observed 730 Myr after the Big Bang, a little red dot is found to anchor an overdensity of eight galaxies and seems to be embedded in a massive host dark matter halo.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis of stricturing Crohn’s disease highlights cellular heterogeneity in fibrotic tissue and identifies neighborhoods of fibroblasts and immune cells contributing to this severe disease complication.

Nitrogen and phosphorus limitations are both key to spatial patterns and temporal trends in primary production. This global analysis indicates that phosphorus limitation on terrestrial primary productivity has become stronger and is increasing more rapidly than nitrogen limitation.

The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.

Mepolizumab (anti-IL-5 therapy) has been shown to reduce type 2 inflammation in asthma. Here the authors use bulk transcriptomics from nasal samples before and after mepolizumab treatment to assess the changes and associations with treatment outcomes.

Insight into the active zeolitic domains of catalyst particles used in fluid catalytic cracking is limited by the particles' complex nature, but is crucial to improving these billion dollar catalysts. Now, a staining method allows confocal fluorescence microscopy to probe within single catalyst particles, and correlate Brønsted acidity distributions to catalytic activity.