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Polarization parameters of the high harmonics driven by bichromatic circularly polarized pulses are usually assumed near perfect. Here the authors use polarimetry measurement to show that depolarization and ellipticity can arise from symmetry breaking in the ionization of a medium by the ultrashort driving fields.

Dissipative optomechanics, once limited to low frequencies, now operates in a sideband-resolved regime, reshaping optical and mechanical spectra and paving the way for the individual addressing of different mechanical modes in a single device.

The authors present 19 detections of coherent low-frequency radio emission from M dwarfs using the Low Frequency Array. The sample includes both chromospherically active and quiescent stars, but radio luminosities are independent of coronal and chromospheric activity indicators.

Time-reversal symmetry is broken via an acoustic pumping scheme enabling demonstration of a frequency shifting optical isolator with 15 dB asymmetry and 1 GHz bandwidth.

Topological order for sound remains largely unexplored. Here, Khanikaevet al. introduce the concept of topological order in classical acoustics, realizing robust topological protection and one-way edge propagation of sound in a suitably designed resonator lattice, thus expanding the ability to tailor acoustic waves.

Topologically stable excitations in quantum systems are important to the understanding of phase transitions in many systems, from cosmology to condensed matter physics. Here Manni et al.observe such topological objects, spin vortices in exciton–polariton condensates, allowing for a more detailed understanding of such quantum fluids.

Optical modulators are easily damaged by high-intensity pulses. Here, the authors propose a method for directly modulating high-power laser light across a broad spectral range using a wave generated in a sub-millimetre-scale underdense plasma by a second laser.

Tightly focused optical fields are essential in nano-optics, but lack tools for accurate yet efficient characterization. Here, the authors develop an in situ method to reconstruct the fully vectorial information of tightly focused fields in 3D space.

The molecular system regulating cell surface mechanics remains largely unexplored at single-cell resolution. Here, the authors report a high-throughput single-cell assay, ELASTomics, which integrates mechanical phenotyping with unbiased transcriptomics.

We demonstrate on-demand CW sum-frequency generation from nanoparticle-on-mirror cavities positioned beneath a scanning probe tip. The tip controls visible and infrared fields within the nanocavity, allowing for tunable nonlinear spectroscopy.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Quantum measurements are subject to an uncertainty that is usually distributed equally between pairs of complementary properties (such as position and momentum). However, a technique known as 'squeezing' can be used to reduce the uncertainty of one desired property at the expense of increasing that of the other. Squeezing may have a critical role in high precision applications such as atomic clocks and optical communications. This paper demonstrates the ultimate squeezing limit for the polarization of a composite optical system.

Under total internal reflection light acquires a phase shift that depends on its polarisation. Here, the authors show that this effect can be harnessed to generate so-called vector vortex beams—light with polarization and phase singularities—when white light is back-reflected from a glass cone

Polarization measurements are reported for the blazar Mk501, revealing a degree of X-ray polarization that is more than twice the optical value and supporting the shock-accelerated energy-stratified electron population scenario.

Plasmonic nanostructures can be used to manipulate objects larger than the wavelength of light but create thermal heating. In this work, the trapping and controlled rotation of nanoparticles is demonstrated using a plasmonic nanotweezer with a heat sink, predicting a reduction in heating compared with previous designs.

During planetary formation segregation of an iron core from rocky silicates takes place. Here, the authors use analogue fluid experiments show that iron diapirs entrain volatiles and silicates to the Earth’s core and initiate buoyant thermochemical plumes to reoxidize and hydrate the upper mantle and atmosphere.

CaBLAM is a bioluminescent genetically encoded calcium indicator that delivers high-contrast signals as shown in cell culture, in the in vivo mouse brain and in zebrafish larvae.

In vivo imaging is facilitated by a bright, cyan-excitable orange fluorescent protein that is the basis of an improved bioluminescent protein.

Bloch wavefunctions of two types of hole in gallium arsenide are reconstructed by measuring the polarization of light emitted by collisions of electrons and holes accelerated by a terahertz laser.

The discovery of a long-period radio transient, GPM J1839–10, prompted a search of radio archives, thereby finding that this source has been repeating since at least 1988.

In a suborbital experiment and complementary numerical simulations, submillimetre-sized particles bouncing off each other become charged and form centimetre-sized clusters. This mechanism could bridge the size gap in the early planet formation process.

The assumption that light sources based on radiative cascades provide maximally polarization-entangled photons is not always correct. Here the authors show experimentally in cavity-embedded quantum dots that photon polarization correlates with its emission mode, impacting the degree of entanglement for emitted photon pairs.

The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) protein serves multiple roles in the viral lifecycle. Phosphorylation toggles N between these roles by altering N’s conformation, its material properties when phase separated with RNA, and its membrane interactions.

This study introduces P3T-Net, a pseudo-3D deep learning model that enables accurate and efficient cross-domain transfer of large 3D material images, improving image quality and ensuring image consistency across diverse imaging conditions.

The manipulation of spin states is a key requirement in spintronics. In semiconductor microcavities, a multistate switching of the spin state of polaritons, which form as a result of the coupling of photons and excitons in the microcavity, may lead to new spintronics devices.

Posterior scleral birefringence, measured by triple-input polarization-sensitive optical coherence, predicts the onset of myopia in guinea pigs and is associated with myopia status in patients.

This Review extends fluctuational electrodynamics, introduced originally to deal with radiation due to thermal fluctuations, to provide a unified quantitative theoretical framework that accounts for light emission processes in solids.

Turbulent flows are observed in atmosphere, ocean, and technology, with turbulent mixing due to stretching and folding of material elements. The authors analyze a geometric perspective of this process and uncover statistical properties of an ensemble of material loops in a turbulent environment.

Two ‘outrigger’ telescopes were added to CHIME, leading to the localization at detection of FRB 20210603A. The burst originated from deep within the star-forming disk of its host galaxy.

Cytoplasmic flows in the fruit fly oocyte can reorganize cellular components. These structured vortical flows arise through self-organizing dynamics of microtubules, molecular motors and cytoplasm.

The classical description of viscous turbulent flows is based on a formulation of Navier-Stokes equations which assumes its solutions to remain smooth at all times. Saw et al. characterize velocity fields in experimental turbulent flows at dissipative scale, and link the results to the singularities.

M dwarfs harbour stellar dynamos driven by convective motions in their interiors. Previously, the magnetic field strengths generated by these dynamos were thought to saturate at 4 kG, but this limit has now been busted by four stars with dipole dynamo states.

The interaction of water molecules with a protein results in a frictional force that influences protein conformational dynamics and folding, though the nature of the protein also influences the friction. Here, the authors use molecular simulations to examine the origin of this protein contribution.

The authors showcase a general method to engineer arbitrary polarization transformation with efficiency reaching nearly unity, taking advantage of non-orthogonal eigen-formalism of Jones matrix to circumvent the limitation of conventional polarization optics.

The low thermal conductivity in filled skutterudites has been ascribed to rattling atoms inducing a phonon glass. Experimental evidence now shows that the phonon glass description is incorrect, and provides essential insight for the development of microscopic models aimed at describing the thermoelectric properties of these materials.

ILT J1101 is a white dwarf–M dwarf binary that emits minute-duration radio pulses with a 2-h periodicity. The period of the radio pulses is linked to the orbital period of the binary, rather than the rotation period of the stellar components.

Antiferromagnets have a variety of attractive features for spintronic devices; they are inherently robust against external magnetic fields, and have fast, terahertz, dynamics. However, terahertz magnons are usually strongly damped. Here, Choe, Lujan and coauthors find that the zone boundary magnons in the AFM insulator CoTiO3 exhibit long lifetimes.

The development of metal-free organic X-ray scintillators combining X-ray absorption, efficient exciton utilization, and short luminescence lifetimes, remains challenging. Here, the authors present a strategy for achieving augmented X-ray scintillation through the utilization of halogenated open-shell organic radical scintillators.

Glycol sidechains are often used to enhance the performance of organic photoconversion and electrochemical devices. Here, the authors provide photophysical insight into the role of glycol sidechains for the formation of polaron pairs induced by strong vibrational coupling.

The fast radio burst FRB 20180916B repeats with a periodicity of 16 days, and is now found to emit down to a frequency of 120 MHz, much lower than previously observed.