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Timely identification and treatment of cerebral lesions in high-risk neonates are crucial. Here, the authors present a deep learning system that extracts multiple standard views from neonatal cranial ultrasound videos and diagnoses severe cerebral lesions with high accuracy, outperforming junior radiologists.

This study explores the complex dynamics of slow laboratory earthquakes, revealing how fault structures evolve and influence slow seismic slip. Using a transparent experimental setup and a high-speed camera, real-time deformation and stress redistribution are observed within simulated fault zones made of clay.

Muñoz-Gil and colleagues report the results of an open challenge where they benchmarked algorithms for the characterization of motion changes in single-particle tracking. By ranking methods on simulations, the competition revealed strengths and limitations of AI and classic approaches, guiding researchers toward optimal tools.

Indirect coordination among individuals through the environment typically requires some basic levels of communication and information processing. Dias et al. introduce a coordination mechanism that emerges in a population of clueless individuals, facilitated by environmental memory, culminating in group formation.

The capacity of brain networks to retain information during aging is crucial but not yet known. This study shows that the brain’s memory capacity, modelled with reservoir computing, offers new insights into aging, brain function and cognitive decline.

Microorganisms tend to live in heterogeneous environments. Here the authors investigate the influence of this heterogeneity on bacteria swimming near a surface in the presence of obstacles; these are found to enhance the cells’ propagation rather than hinder it for an optimal obstacle density.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

The critical Casimir force, rising from fluctuating field confined between surfaces, is predicted to be nonadditive, but there is no experimental verification to date. Here the authors provide data support by quantifying the forces between three interacting colloidal particles using holographic traps.

Casimir forces are normally attractive and cause stiction, that is, static friction preventing surfaces in contact from starting to move. Now, a system exhibiting tunable repulsive critical Casimir forces, relevant for the development of micro- and nanodevices, is demonstrated.

The authors demonstrate an optical trap where particles are trapped inside of a laser cavity. This is possible due to intracavity nonlinear feedback forces that produce stronger confinement on all 3 axes than standard optical tweezers, which greatly reduces the laser intensity needed to trap the same particle.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

A large-scale single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 adult tissues.

Phc1 is a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), which represses gene expression during development. Here the authors show that Phc1 acts independently from PRC1 to activate Nanog transcription by stabilizing genome-wide chromatin interactions of the Nanog locus, and in turn stabilize pluripotency.

Different types of atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease may reflect different disease stages or biologically distinct subtypes. Here the authors use longitudinal neuroimaging data to demonstrate five distinct patterns of atrophy with different demographical and cognitive characteristics.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

Gioia, Tavella et al. show that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes DNA damage through CHK1 degradation and impairs 53BP1 recruitment to DNA lesions. The induced DNA damage is associated with expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and senescence markers.

The direct measurement of the QCD dead cone in charm quark fragmentation is reported, using iterative declustering of jets tagged with a fully reconstructed charmed hadron.

Probabilistic tsunami forecasting (PTF) defines an approach to tsunami early warning based on uncertainty quantification, enhancing forecast accuracy and enabling rational decision making. PTF is here developed for near-source tsunami warning, and tested in hindcasting mode over a wide range of past earthquakes.

Soft-elasticity in monodomain liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) is promising for impact-absorbing applications but due to the lack of synthetic procedures which give monodomain devices of sufficient size, impact studies on LCEs have not been performed. Here the authors use direct-ink writing to fabricate bulk monodomain LCE devices and study their compressive soft-elasticity.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

This Review discusses the state-of-the-art in optical trapping at the nanoscale, with an emphasis on some of the most promising advances such as controlled manipulation and assembly of individual and multiple nanostructures, force measurement with femtonewton resolution, and biosensors.

Correlations in momentum space between hadrons created by ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider provide insights into the strong interaction, particularly the short-range dynamics of hyperons—baryons that contain strange quarks.

The measurement of the total cross-section of proton–proton collisions is of fundamental importance for particle physics. Here, the first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton–proton collisions at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.