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In the past three decades, fish abundance, richness and uniqueness have diverged across cold and warm streams, and the effects on native fish communities of stream warming and increases in introduced fishes have magnified each other.

The creation of functional 2D bottom-up nanosheets woven from molecular components remains a large challenge. Here, a bottom-up nanosheet featuring a photofunctional bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) complex motif is synthesized using interfacial syntheses, enabling a photoelectric conversion system.

Mechanically robust, centimetre-sized, molecularly thin nanoporous carbon membranes were fabricated via the thermal crosslinking of core–rim structured monomers, offering a high reverse electrodialysis short-circuit current with a giant output power density of 67 W m⁻².

Alfajaro et al identify that a bat MERS-like coronavirus HKU5 uses ACE2 as a receptor from its natural bat reservoir Pipistrellus abramus and American mink. Structural analyses demonstrate a unique interaction between the HKU5 receptor binding domain and bat ACE2. This highlights the receptor flexibility of merbecoviruses and identifies mink as potential intermediate hosts, informing viral surveillance and countermeasure development.

Pathology-oriented multiplexing (PathoPlex) represents a framework for widespread access to multiplexed imaging and computational image analysis of clinical specimens at a relatively high throughput and subcellular resolution.

Literature produced inconsistent findings regarding the links between extreme weather events and climate policy support across regions, populations and events. This global study offers a holistic assessment of these relationships and highlights the role of subjective attribution.

This research systematically reviewed 193 longitudinal studies on psychosocial resilience, revealing inconsistent definitions, predominant variable-centered methodologies and a focus on childhood adversities, while highlighting the need for clearer conceptual frameworks and improved operationalization in future investigations.

In this Consensus Statement, a consortium of microbiome scientists discuss current sequencing data sharing policies and propose the use of a Data Reuse Information (DRI) tag to promote equitable and collaborative data sharing.

The lysosomal enzyme beta-glucocerebrosidase is a key player and promising therapeutic target in Parkinson’s disease. Here, Dobert et al. leveraged cryo-EM to solve the protein structure of the enzyme in complex with its lysosomal transporter LIMP-2.

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

This directory was made possible by a unique international collaboration between the 633 scientists whose names appear below. It represents both the first published description of the complete sequence of most chromsomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the first published overview of the entire sequence. As such, the authors would like future papers referring to the entire sequence and/or its contents to cite this directory; future papers referring to the sequence of individual chromosomes should refer to the papers listed at the head of page 9. The authors’ affiliations appear in the papers describing the individual chromosomes.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

A randomized controlled trial showed that a home-based, telemedicine-supported lifestyle intervention, which consisted of exercise training, nutrition recommendations and health literacy training, reported improved glycemic control after 6 months in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes compared to usual care.

The EMDataResource Ligand Model Challenge aimed at assessing the reliability and reproducibility of modeling ligands bound to protein and protein–nucleic acid complexes in cryo-EM maps determined at near-atomic resolution. This analysis presents the results and recommends best practices for assessing cryo-EM structures of liganded macromolecules.

The structure of a human exosome–ribosome supercomplex reveals the mechanisms behind the formation of active cytoplasmic exosomes and their role in co-translational RNA decay.

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are critical in the immune response to infection, but the potential cross-reactivity to other human corona viruses is poorly appreciated. Here the authors apply a systems based approach to characterise the antibody response in pre-pandemic cohorts and assess heterotypic reactivity to SARS-CoV-2.

The dynamical phases of out-of-equilibrium Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superconductors have been simulated using cold atoms levitated inside an optical cavity.

Nitrile-containing molecules and their biosynthetic enzymes are uncommon in nature. Now, a nitrile-forming diiron enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of aetokthonotoxin—the ‘eagle-killing’ neurotoxin—has been characterized using biochemical, structural and biophysical methods. High-resolution protein crystal structures together with the identification of catalytically relevant tryptophan-based products provide mechanistic insights into this unusual nitrile-forming reaction.

Petrels are wide-ranging, highly threatened seabirds that often ingest plastic. This study used tracking data for 7,137 petrels of 77 species to map global exposure risk and compare regions, species, and populations. The results show higher exposure risk for threatened species and stress the need for international cooperation to tackle marine litter.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

Exome sequencing within a structured diagnostic process for rare diseases in Germany shows how facial image analysis and machine learning can guide variant prioritization and uncover many ultrarare diseases.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

Brain structure scaffolds intrinsic function, supporting cognition and behavioral flexibility. Here, the authors show how macroscale organization of cortical microstructure and resting-state function uncouple in transmodal cortex of humans and macaques.

Panos Deloukas, Nilesh Samani and colleagues report a large-scale association analysis using the Metabochip array in 63,746 coronary artery disease cases and 130,681 controls. They identify 15 susceptibility loci, refine previous associations and use network analysis to highlight biological pathways.

Here, the authors use small angle neutron scattering and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate that condensates based on the granular components of nucleoli are network fluids.

This study by Zielinski et al. used cryo-EM to compare Aβ fibril structures from mouse models to those from patients with Alzheimer’s disease. It revealed that tg-APP_ArcSwe mice exhibit fibrils resembling those predominantly found in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease cases.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

Patient-specific precision medicine approaches are important for future cancer therapies. Here, the authors show that functional drug profiling with Rhabdomyosarcoma cells isolated from PDX and primary patient tumors uncovers patient-specific vulnerabilities.

A broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) response is required to combat SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). The authors isolated and characterized a large panel of sarbecovirus bnAbs from vaccinated individuals who had recovered from COVID-19, finding that many of these antibodies were able to neutralize all VOCs, including Omicron, and demonstrate prophylaxis in mice infected with diverse sarbecoviruses.

The authors have previously demonstrated the neutralising capacity of their nanoparticle vaccine, as well as showing protection of non-human primates from SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 infection. In this work, they investigate the ability of their vaccine candidate to neutralise SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, and protect animals from other sarbecoviruses.

Human and bat coronaviruses replicate efficiently in immunodeficient mice implanted with human lung tissue, and treatment or prophylaxis using EIDD-2801 in this model suggests that this oral antiviral agent may be effective in preventing COVID-19.

A pan-betacoronavirus vaccine will likely require the elicitation of antibodies against spike regions conserved across diverse coronaviruses. Here, authors computationally engineer and experimentally validate immunogens to elicit antibodies against two such spike regions.

Improvements in European freshwater biodiversity occurred mainly before 2010 but have since plateaued, and communities downstream of dams, urban areas and cropland were less likely to experience recovery.

Analysing 27 years of freshwater invertebrate biomonitoring data from European rivers, the authors show that although some commonly used biodiversity metrics can reflect anthropogenic impacts at broad spatial scales, there was little consistency among other metrics in accurately reflecting community responses.

An analysis of fish and macroinvertebrate communities in European rivers over 32 years shows that inland ship traffic is associated with declining taxonomic richness, diversity and trait richness and with increased taxonomic evenness.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

mRNA-1273, an mRNA vaccine that encodes a stabilized prefusion-state severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, elicits robust immune responses and protects mice against replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper and lower airways.

An analysis identifies human monoclonal antibodies that potently neutralize wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and protect animals from disease, including two that synergize in a cocktail, suggesting that these could be candidates for use as therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19 in humans.

Mast cells are shown to function as sensor cells linking antigen recognition in type 2 immunity to antigen-specific avoidance behaviour, preventing immune activation and inflammation.

The measurement of the total cross-section of proton–proton collisions is of fundamental importance for particle physics. Here, the first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton–proton collisions at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

Natural product biosynthesis gene clusters were identified in bacterial isolates from the Arabidopsis phyllosphere, including inhibitory products with antibiotic activity, demonstrating the potential of the phyllosphere as a resource for antibiotics.

Strong light-matter interactions demonstrated considerable potential to control photochemical reactions, but further experimental testing is needed. Here, the authors demonstrate that electronically degenerate states of E and Z-isomers of azopyrrole photoswitch couple to a single cavity mode, thereby tuning the coupling conditions from strong to weak.

Genome-wide CRISPR knockout and activation screens in human lung epithelial cells with endogenous expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 identify mucins as key host factors restricting viral infection.