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The 2D electron gas has long been a popular physical system. Now, experiments with GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures have revealed phases displaying negative permittivity, due to an attractive exchange-correlation energy competing with Coulomb repulsion.

The observation of a negative Hall resistance in the magnetic-field-induced normal state of underdoped 'YBCO'materials, which reveals that these pockets are electron-like rather than hole-like. It is proposed that these electron pockets most probably arise from a reconstruction of the Fermi surface caused by the onset of a density-wave phase, as is thought to occur in the electron-doped copper oxides near the onset of antiferromagnetic order.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

An ambipolar ferromagnet with both electron- and hole-doped ferromagnetism in a single material would facilitate understanding of ferromagnetic semiconductors for spintronic applications. Here the authors demonstrate ambipolar ferromagnetism in LaMnO₃, using ionic liquid gating enabled electrostatic doping to produce electron–hole asymmetry.

The interplay between topology and fractals in real materials has remained challenging to study. Now, topological states are demonstrated in fractional-dimensional Sierpinski triangles made from bismuth.

The role of structural variants (SVs) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been understudied. In this study, the authors leverage 859 high-quality, diverse, long-read assemblies to construct pangenome reference graphs (PRGs).

Coherent control of plasmon wavepackets is essential for quantum information processing using flying electron qubits. Here, the authors demonstrate a method to isolate and select electron channels contributing to a plasmon using a cavity formed by local constrictions, enabling precise control of plasmon eigenstates.

Crystalline high-κ dielectric materials are desired for the development of future 2D electronic devices. Here, the authors report the in-plane and out-of-plane chemical vapor deposition growth of ultrathin Bi₂SiO₅ crystals with dielectric constant >30 and a band gap of ~3.8 eV, showing their effective application as gate dielectric layers of MoS₂ transistors.

This study presents a design for fabricating a terahertz chiral photonic-crystal cavity with broken time-reversal symmetry. By combining density functional theory with a microscopic model, the cavity-induced gap in graphene was estimated, showing enhanced light–matter coupling at the Dirac nodes.

Solid-phase crystallized Ce and H codoped In₂O₃ (ICO:H) transparent conducting films achieve very high electron mobility values of over 100 cm²/Vs and suitable low-carrier concentration, leading to high electrical conductivity and broadband optical transparency. However, a high-temperature annealing process for solid-phase crystallization is necessary to obtain high mobility. Therefore, such a high processing temperature limits the formation and adoption of these films on heat-sensitive flexible substrates. Herein, we used excimer laser irradiation to achieve an ICO:H film on flexible polyethylene terephthalate that had ultrahigh mobility of 133 cm²/Vs, which is the highest among those reported for flexible transparent electrodes.

Transport measurements suggest that the Fermi surface of a cuprate superconductor changes its form when the pseudogap is present. This can help to explain the low carrier density in the pseudogap regime.

A Mott transition is a metal-insulator transition driven by electronic correlations, and the Mott insulating state is typically associated with unconventional electronic phases. Here the authors report a pressure-induced transition from a Mott insulator to a ferromagnetic Weyl metal in an iron oxychalcogenide.

Kekulé vortices in hexagonal lattices can host fractionalized charges at zero magnetic field, but have remained out of experimental reach. Here, the authors report a Kekulé vortex in the local density states of graphene around a chemisorbed hydrogen adatom.

Cooperative paramagnetism refers to a strongly correlated state without long range magnetic order that occurs in frustrated magnetic systems between the Neel temperature and Curie-Weiss temperature. Here, using resonant elastic magnetic and inelastic x-ray scattering, Terilli et al find a spectrally sharp gapped magnetic excitations that persists above the Neel temperature in Y₂Ir₂O₇, implying a cooperative paramagnetic phase.

There has been substantial progress in observing and understanding nonlinear transport properties of non-centrosymmetric materials in recent years. This Review surveys the interplay between symmetry and nonlinear phenomena, and how nonlinear transport probes quantum properties of solids. The authors also highlight the potential applications of these nonlinear transport effects in fields such as spintronics, orbitronics and energy harvesting.

Evidence is shown for a skyrmion-like texture in the layer polarization of the electronic wavefunctions of a twisted two-dimensional material. This provides support for theories that link this spatial texture to the topological properties.

The authors experimentally demonstrate twist-angle modulation of the spin texture in graphene-based heterostructures.

Measurements of high-field magnetotransport in overdoped cuprates indicate that the strange-metal regime exists beyond the critical doping, and that it has both coherent and incoherent contributions.

Bloch oscillations (BO) are intrinsically related to the geometry and topological properties of the underlying band structure. Here, Di Liberto et al. predict a unique topological effect manifested in the BOs of higher-order topological insulators through the interplay of non-Abelian Berry curvature and quantized Wilson loops.

Rashba-type splitting is an effective way to manipulate the spin degrees of freedom in a solid without external magnetic field. Here, the authors demonstrate a strong Rashba-type splitting at the interface of LaTiO₃ and SrTiO₃ which is promising for the development of oxide-based spintronics.

Femtosecond photoexcitation drives a coherent twist–untwist motion of the moiré superlattice in 2° and 57° twisted WSe₂/MoSe₂ heterobilayers.

Understanding superconductivity in low carrier density metals near polar quantum critical point, such as SrTiO3, has been challenging. Here, using inelastic neutron scattering, the authors reveal a correlation between the superconducting dome and the spatial length scale of polarization fluctuations.

The topological character of solids is usually revealed by considering the Berry curvature of electronic bands in a periodic crystal. Here, authors demonstrate the influence of the Berry curvature on the electronic properties of an amorphous thin film.

Recent work has demonstrated that the relationship between brain and body mass across mammals is curvilinear. Here, the authors demonstrate this curvilinearity across 4679 species, spanning multiple major animal classes. They show that it is caused by systematic changes in allometry within species leading to macroevolutionary patterns.

Planning for the Colorado River is critical to secure water and hydropower for the western US under climate change. This study highlights how different policies may reduce but not eliminate the risk of losing water and energy supply altogether.

Topological kink modes are peculiar edge excitations that take place at domain boundaries of magnetic fields inside homogeneous materials. Here, the authors experimentally observe kink magnetoplasmons in a 2D electron gas using custom-shaped strong permanent magnets on top of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction.

The interplay between superconductivity and charge density wave (CDW) in 2H-NbSe₂ is still not fully understood. Here, Cho et al. use controlled disorder to probe the interplay between these two phases in 2H-NbSe₂ and find that superconductivity initially competes with CDW but eventually long-range CDW order assists superconductivity.

Achieving spin separation of charged particles in non-uniform magnetic fields is hindered by the Lorentz force. Kohdaet al. demonstrate spin separation in a semiconductor nanostructure by exploiting the effective magnetic field arising from the spin–orbit interaction and achieve highly polarized spin currents.

A large bulk photovoltaic effect is observed in the type-I Weyl semimetal TaAs, and attributed to the diverging Berry curvature of the Weyl nodes.

The authors demonstrate magnetic-field-free electric switching of superconducting nonreciprocity in Fe₃GeTe₂/NbSe₂ heterostructures. They apply this to propose and demonstrate a proof-of-concept “neural transistor”, a tetrode device that realizes an XOR gate with only a single transistor.

Silicon is a light element with high lattice inversion symmetry, and so is not expected to possess a substantial spin–orbit interaction (SOI), which is desirable for spintronics. Here, a silicon-based heterostructure is demonstrated to have a gate-tuneable Rashba-type SOI.

A very large Rashba-type spin splitting, which is a consequence of spin–orbit interaction, has been observed in the heavy-element semiconductor BiTeI. The results show the possibility, in principle, of using the material in spintronics devices in which the electron spin is controlled by electric currents.

Skyrmions, a topological spin texture, have been found in a variety of magnetic systems, including quantum hall ferromagnets. Here, Yang et al demonstrate the existence of skyrmions in domain walls in a quantum Hall ferromagnet, and suggest that these skyrmions form a 1D Wigner crystal.

Spontaneous scrolling in two-dimensional polar van der Waals materials, driven by intrinsic out-of-plane electric polarization, enables the scalable production of nanoscrolls and their heterostructures.

Weyl fermions are chiral massless fermions with interesting exotic properties. Here, chlorine doping of Co₃Sn₂S₂ single crystals is found to shift the Fermi energy towards the Weyl points, enhancing its Weyl semimetal signatures such as a ninefold increase in magnetoresistance and a significantly larger anomalous Hall conductivity.

As the sample size goes down to the nanoscale, the surface-related mechanism plays an important role in the deformation of nanoscale crystals. Here, the authors report breakdown of the traditional Hall-Petch-like relation in nanoscale Ag attributed to diffusion-involved nucleation behaviors.

Pyrochlore iridates have been studied for their potential to explore novel phases due to the interplay of correlations, spin-orbit interaction, and more recently dimensionality. Here the authors report a chiral spin-liquid-like state in (111)-oriented Y₂Ir₂O₇ thin films which emerges at a reduced thickness.

The real-space imaging of propagating THz polaritons, coupled light-matter excitations, in topological insulators has been elusive so far. Here, the authors report spectroscopic THz near-field images of the topological insulator Bi₂Se₃ revealing polaritons formed by coupling of THz radiation to optical phonons and various charge carriers.

We present comprehensive thermodynamic and spectroscopic evidence for an antiferromagnetically ordered heavy-fermion ground state in the van der Waals metal CeSiI.

Parity induces an accumulation of CD8⁺ T cells, including cells with a tissue-resident-memory-like phenotype within human normal breast tissue, offering long-term protection against triple-negative breast cancer.

Magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene exhibits a quantum anomalous Hall effect at 3/4 filling; however, its mechanism is debated. Here, the authors show that such a phase can be realized in a lattice model of twisted bilayer graphene in the strong coupling limit, and interpret the results in terms of a topological Mott insulator phase.