Search

Singlet fission is recognized as an enabling process for next-generation solar cells. Here the authors design a molecular system where specific spin sub-levels can be initialized to produce a highly entangled state and demonstrate that the coherence between magnetic sub-levels of that state is preserved at higher temperatures than those encountered in conventional superconducting quantum hardware.

Previously, OLIG2-expressing stems cells have been identified as having a role in medulloblastoma recurrence. Here, the authors investigate the effects of targeting this OLIG2+ stem cell population in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma using CT-179, an OLIG2 inhibitor.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

As part of the enhanced GTEx (eGTEx) project, 987 human samples from 9 tissue types and 424 donors are assayed using DNA methylation microarrays. Colocalization of GWAS variants, eQTLs and mQTLs shows diverse links between genetic variation, molecular phenotypes and complex traits.

Cells use clathrin-mediated endocytosis to internalize biomolecular cargo. The authors demonstrate that the Epsin1 protein ensures uptake of ubiquitylated cargo through ubiquitin-dependent regulation of the stability of endocytic protein networks.

The enzyme ABHD18 is shown to have a key role in cardiolipin metabolism in mitochondria, offering a potential route for a small-molecule treatment of the rare genetic disease Barth syndrome.

Reference assemblies of great ape sex chromosomes show that Y chromosomes are more variable in size and sequence than X chromosomes and provide a resource for studies on human evolution and conservation genetics of non-human apes.

PcdA interacts with DivIVA and FtsZ, promoting Z-ring formation and division plane selection in Staphylococcus aureus, which increases virulence in mice and reduces sensitivity to cell-wall-targeting antibiotics.

Bill et al describe two high-throughput methods to detect protein-protein interactions in cells in real-time using the split-NanoLuciferase-complementation system. They demonstrate the methods can detect exogenously (RT-bind) or endogenously (EndoBind) expressed proteins, respectively.

Treatment with the clinical stage TGF-β inhibitor galunisertib promotes latency reversal of HIV/SIV. Here, using a treatment regimen similar to the one tested in clinical trials, the authors show how galunisertib affects immune cell function, increases SIV reactivation, and reduces the viral reservoir in macaques.

Ubiquitination of the CMG helicase triggers replisome disassembly, ensuring genome integrity. Here, the authors show that the deubiquitinase USP37 preserves replisomes during S and G2 phase by binding and deubiquitinating CMG. USP37 is vital in cells expressing oncoproteins which dysregulate DNA replication.

Itkin et al. identify a role for Fli-1 in hematopoietic stem cell activation during regenerative hematopoiesis. They show that Fli-1 coordinates hematopoietic stem cells to stimulate niche-derived Notch1 feedback signals for demand-needed hematopoietic cell output.

Nonlinear optical processing devices are not yet fully practical as they are single channel. Here the authors demonstrate all-optical regeneration of up to 16 channels by one device, employing a group-delay-managed nonlinear medium where strong self-phase modulation is achieved without nonlinear inter-channel crosstalk.

CAR T cell success requires targeting tumors, but these cells can get trapped in other tissues, such as in the lungs, where they can cause pathology. Here, the authors use a loss-of-function CRISPR screen to identify regulators of CAR T cell tumor trafficking and engineer CAR T cells accordingly to overcome this limitation.

Macropinocytosis is a cellular process for the uptake of extracellular fluid. Here, the authors use lattice light sheet microscopy to examine the spatial dynamics of the plasma membrane, PI3K activity, and structural differences of various macrophage cell types during macropinocytosis.

Low secretion rates and evaporation pose challenges for collecting resting thermoregulatory sweat for non-invasive analysis of body physiology. Here the authors present wearable microfluidics-based patches for continuous sweat monitoring at rest that enable detection of pH, Cl⁻, and levodopa for dynamic sweat analysis related to routine activities, stress events, hypoglycemia-induced sweating, and Parkinson’s disease.

In the CELLTOP Phase I trial, stem cells were harvested from patients with spinal cord injury and injected into their central nervous system after processing. The procedure was safe, with no reported serious adverse events during the 2-year follow-up period.

Single-molecule FRET of mGluR2 shows that the conformations of the ligand-binding domain and the linked cysteine-rich domain are loosely coupled during ligand-induced activation and defines two pre-active states linking inactive and active states.

T cell-specific antigens are discovered at high throughput without killing target cells.

Analysis of chromatin state and accessibility in mouse tissues from twelve sites and eight developmental stages provides a comprehensive view of chromatin dynamics.

Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative to train accurate and generalizable ML models, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here, the authors present the largest FL study to-date to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for glioblastoma.

Keinath et al. show that information about the recent past is represented in the hippocampus through changes in firing rates in the absence of task demands. This representation is eliminated when DG–CA3 circuitry is inhibited.

Optimized SORT LNPs enable precise and long-lasting base editing in dual organs in a disease mouse model.

Smart monitoring devices with integrated mechanical protection and piezoelectric induction are limited. Here, the authors report a strategy to grow piezoelectric Rochelle salt crystals in 3D-printed cuttlebone-inspired structures to produce smart monitoring devices with integrated mechanical protection and electrical sensing capability.

Resonant X-ray excitation of the  ⁴⁵Sc nuclear isomeric state was achieved by irradiation of a Sc-metal foil with 12.4-keV photon pulses from a state-of-the-art X-ray free-electron laser, allowing a high-precision determination of the transition energy.

Apolipoprotein L1 genetic variants contribute to a subtype of proteinuric kidney disease referred to as APOL1-mediated kidney disease (AMKD). Here the authors report the discovery and characterization of potent and selective APOL1 ion channel inhibitors for the potential treatment of AMKD.

Authors provide analysis of starch-binding protein Sas6, from Ruminococcus bromii, a bacterium that degrades resistant starch granules in the human gut, and demonstrate how carbohydrate-binding modules recognize different moieties within starch.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

Polysulfide-air redox flow batteries are an appealing energy storage technology but suffer from polysulfide crossover and the use of costly catalysts. Here, the authors report a cell structure that enables battery operation using a cost-effective catalyst while mitigating polysulfide crossover.

Liver regeneration often fails during chronic liver disease. Here, the authors conduct multiomic profiling of human livers to demonstrate that RNA splicing is dysregulated in alcohol-associated liver disease, interfering with liver regeneration.

Initialization and operation of spin qubits in silicon above 1 K reach fidelities sufficient for fault-tolerant operations at these temperatures.

A proteomics and computational approach was developed to map the proximal proteome of the activated μ-opioid receptor and to extract subcellular location, trafficking and functional partners of G-protein-coupled receptor activity.

Experiments performed in the CERN CLOUD chamber show that, under upper-tropospheric conditions, new atmospheric particle formation may be initiated by the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with isoprene emitted by rainforests.

A pangenome of oat, assembled from 33 wild and domesticated oat lines, sheds light on the evolution and genetic diversity of this cereal crop and will aid genomics-assisted breeding to improve productivity and sustainability.

Apicomplexan parasites share complex cell pellicular structures that isolates the cytosol from most of the plasma membrane. Koreny et al show that, as an early adaptation to this barrier, dedicated stable endocytic structures occur at select sites in these cells. In Toxoplasma, plasma membrane homeostasis is particularly dependent on endocytosis.

The researchers showcase a silicon-photonics-based analog approach for large-scale image processing that can be deployed for high-speed image compression and de-noising using an auto-encoder framework with minimal power consumption.

There is a clear need for rapid, accurate and scalable Covid-19 diagnostics. Here the authors use PfAgo to detect viral sequences amplified by RT-LAMP in a handheld battery-powered device.

This study employs a physics-informed AI model to reconstruct the last glaciation of the European Alps with high accuracy. The approach reduces ice thickness errors by 200–450%, yielding insights into ice velocities, temperatures, volumes, and paleoclimate during the Last Glacial Maximum.

Genome-wide association analyses of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry provide new insights into the etiology of this disorder and identify novel therapeutic leads and potential opportunities for drug repurposing.

Public mental health monitoring requires a nuanced approach that reflects the dimensional nature of mental health disorders. In this Review, Kieling and colleagues describe a staged monitoring approach that could improve the logic, intensity and timing of public mental health decision-making.

Beas et al. show that stress exposure drives disinhibition of PVT projection neurons. This process involves an LC-mediated rise in extracellular DA in the midline thalamus, requires D2 receptors on PVT neurons, and increases stress sensitivity.

Members of the DUF368-containing and DedA transmembrane protein families have conditional roles in undecaprenyl phosphate translocation in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and may have a widely conserved function in the biogenesis of microbial cell surface glycopolymers.

A double-transgenic mouse model that enables monitoring or manipulation of dopamine and serotonin simultaneously in the brain’s nucleus accumbens shows that these neuromodulators have opponent roles in reward learning.

January 2022 saw the first observations of a tsunami resulting from a large emergent volcanic eruption (Hunga Tonga) captured using modern instrumentation, with broad implications for hazard management in similar geophysical settings.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

A non-fouling, porous hydrogel makes aptamer selection and enrichment simple and efficient.

Deregulation of transcription factors is frequently observed in cancer. Here, the authors develop a blood-based approach to map transcription factor binding, revealing both patient-specific and tumour-specific aberrations

Complete sequences of chromosomes telomere-to-telomere from chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan and siamang provide a comprehensive and valuable resource for future evolutionary comparisons.

A connectome of the right optic lobe from a male fruitfly is presented together with an extensive collection of genetic drivers matched to a comprehensive neuron-type catalogue.