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Allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) are promising tools for environmental and human health monitoring. Here the authors develop a multi-objective, machine learning-guided method to engineer an aTF-based portable diagnostic for environment sensing of lead in drinking water at the legal limit.

Circular devices extend use by 40% and cut individual carbon footprint by 34%. A stock-and-flow model using survey data and lifetime estimates shows that at 25% adoption, manufacturing demand and emissions dropped 15% and 14%, and by one-third if reuse becomes the norm.

Mejía-Ramírez, Iáñez Picazo, Walter et al. explore how nuclear biomechanical changes limit the regenerative capacity of aged hematopoietic stem cells and show that targeting RhoA rejuvenates aged hematopoietic stem cells by reducing nuclear envelope tension and remodeling nuclear architecture.

A single-cell epigenomic atlas of human immune cells highlights cell-type-specific features associated with genetic or environmental exposures.

Rathmell and colleagues show that metabolic reprograming of regulatory T cells is associated with severity of critical illness in patients with and without sepsis.

Rapid adoption of zero-emission vehicles with a concurrent transition to clean electricity is essential to achieve U.S. transportation decarbonization goals. Managing travel demand can ease this transition by reducing the need for clean electricity supply. @cghoehne, @nrel, #NRELMobility

The authors describe the isolation and characterization of broadly cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against diverse H5Nx viruses from individuals who received a monovalent H5N1 vaccine 15 years ago. They identify five mAbs that potently neutralized the majority of H5 clades and protected against lethal 2.3.4.4b H5N1 infection in mice.

Country-level changes in economic production and the value of non-market ecosystem benefits show unequal impacts on the global values of natural capital resulting from climate-change-induced shifts in terrestrial vegetation cover.

Analysis of data from the Canadian National Forest Inventory database suggests that greater tree diversity in natural forests is associated with increases in soil carbon and nitrogen stocks.

Screening of 1,076 compounds reveals 168 chemical pollutants with inhibitory effects on gut bacteria and genetic screens indicate commonality between pollutant and antibiotic resistance.

Empirical evidence that parasite-encoded tyrosine hydroxylases (TgTH), and hence parasite-produced dopamine, contribute to Toxoplasma gondii-associated behavioural alterations within the rat host.

Smart microscopy is an emerging technology which integrates real-time analysis with adaptive acquisition to enhance imaging efficiency. Here the authors introduce “outcome-driven microscopy,” an approach that uses optogenetics and real-time feedback to control cell behaviour and protein dynamics.

The tolerogenic activity of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) is determined by EPOR, which is preferentially expressed in cDC1s and induces antigen-specific FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells.

Structural and in vitro functional studies of the human delta-type ionotropic glutamate receptor GluD2 reveal that it contains an ion channel that is activated by d-serine and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid).

Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases (VHPOs) are versatile enzymes that catalyze oxidation of halides followed by halogenation of electron-rich substrates, but the factors dictating substrate and halogen specificity were unknown. Here, the authors show that a single-point mutation in the cyanobacterial bromoperoxidase AmVHPO facilitates a selectivity switch to allow aryl chlorination and elucidate the structural basis for this switch.

An assessment of blue carbon strategies in Belize shows how quantifying fisheries, tourism and coastal risk co-benefits alongside carbon benefits can inform spatial and temporal target setting for nationally determined climate contributions that simultaneously provide societal benefits.

Here, the authors show that physiological alpha-synuclein supports mitochondrial ATP homeostasis via interactions with ATP synthase and AK2, whereas its disease-linked mutants, truncated forms, and aggregates lose these interactions.

The sustainability of the majority of multispecies reef fisheries around the globe remains unassessed. This study provides context-specific sustainable reference points for coral reef fish using environmental conditions. Using these reference points, they show that most reef fish stocks have failed at least one fisheries sustainability benchmark.

A new study shows the total global SOC stock of 1 m in the world’s tidal marshes to be 1.44 Pg C. On average, SOC in tidal marshes’ 0–30 cm and 30–100 cm soil layers are estimated at 83.1 Mg C ha⁻¹ and 185.3 Mg C ha⁻¹, respectively.

In this work, an exotic nuclear decay in one dimension is simulated using IonQ trapped-ion quantum computers. The coherent evolution of many decay channels is classically hard and quantum simulation of these processes may impact future searches for new physics.

Uechi et al. found that a small-molecule lipoamide dissolves stress granules (SGs) by targeting SFPQ, a redox-sensitive disordered SG protein, alleviating pathological phenotypes caused by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated FUS and TDP-43 mutants.

It is unclear how interactions between individual genomes affect behaviour and survival in social organisms. Here, Teseo et al. show that genomic interactions between larvae and nursing adults of the clonal ant Cerapachys biroidetermine the proportion of individuals involved in reproduction or cooperation.

Koh, Ma et al. show that during climbing, mouse motor cortex instructs limb muscle activity patterns primarily by selectively activating certain muscles at certain activity states, via neural activity patterns distinct from those previously described.

The effect of new viral mutations on T cell responses remains unclear. Here, Balogh et al. show that most new mutations in SARS-CoV-2 are C > U, a bias that leads to an enhanced T cell response.

Single-step ligand passivation of grain boundary and surface defects often struggles with heterogeneous ligand distributions and distinct chemical environments. Here, the authors report a two-step sequential method to selectively target both types of defects, achieving a device efficiency of 26.06%.

The extent of the hierarchical relationship between premotor and primary motor cortices has been contested. Here, the authors show that hierarchical interactions between analogous brain regions and forelimb musculature vary substantially between two motor behaviors in mice.

For years, halogens have been known as destroyers of ‘good’ ozone, which acts as an upper-atmosphere shield from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Research now shows that natural halogen compounds emitted from the ocean help to control ‘bad’ ozone pollution at ground level and may continue to do so at a similar rate in future climate.

By mapping oxidatively damaged bases and abasic sites at single-nucleotide resolution in human cells, Takhaveev et al. observed transcription-related strand biases, patterns mirroring cancer mutational signatures, and captured the action of the anticancer drug irofulven.

Mismatch repair pathway is frequently dysregulated across cancer types, commonly represented by loss of MLH1 or MSH2 gene expression. Here the authors model MLH1 missense mutations from patients to study how cytoplasmic localization of MLH1, promotes resistance to endocrine therapy but predicts response to cell cycle inhibitors in breast cancer.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 affects both muscle and neuronal function, but its synaptic pathology is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that upregulation of FasII (NCAM1) in both pre- and postsynaptic cells synergistically drives neuropathological and behavioral DM1 phenotypes, which can be rescued by FasII knockdown or specific isoform modulation.

Artificial metalloenzymes are useful catalysts in synthesis, but their use in cells is a challenge. Now, the development of an engineered whole-cell enzymatic cascade, which converts glucose-derived fatty diacids into cycloalkenes, is reported. The cascade process combines a decarboxylase with an artificial metalloenzyme that catalyses an abiotic olefin metathesis reaction.

Assessing the conservation status of 1,020 European marine fishes reveals half of large (>1.5 m) fishes are threatened with extinction and stock status diverges geographically: almost all Mediterranean stock is overfished, most northern European stock is not.

Cell surface glycans form glycan patterns consisting of different types of glycan molecules, thus enabling strong and selective cell-to-cell recognition. In this study, the authors report a method based on the manipulation of glycan patterns to translocate a glycosylated albumin from blood or tumor to intestine by remodeling the α(2,3)-sialylated glycan pattern into a galactosylated pattern on albumin via a bioorthogonal chemical reaction.

Lee et al. show that Ca²⁺ triggers condensates enriched with PDIA6, an ER-resident disulfide isomerase and chaperone, along with other protein disulfide isomerase family proteins and some chaperones that in turn enhance folding of proinsulin.

This article demonstrates that native P450 peroxygenases with the in-built machinery for hydrogen peroxide utilisation exist; defines the molecular template for native P450 peroxygenase activity; and suggests that these could be useful biocatalysts in future synthetic biology applications.

This study identifies a distinct Wnt5a high expression fibroblast population in the mouse sclera that protects against myopia progression by maintaining extracellular matrix homeostasis via Sparc pathway, offering potential therapeutic targets.

This study reveals how tomato plants recruit specific bacteria to combat Fusarium wilt. A key bacterium is identified to thrive on root-derived compounds and suppress the fungal pathogen, offering insights into plant-microbe defense alliances.

Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is an established bacterial immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Here, the authors develop a personalized platform to identify microbial product cocktails that promote immune cell recruitment, infiltration, and activation for improving bladder cancer treatment.

The impact of land-use and cover-change (LUCC) on ecosystem carbon stock in China is poorly known due to large biases in existing databases. Here the authors develop a new LUCC database with corrected false signals and reveal that forest expansion is the dominant driver of China’s recent carbon sink.

Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are an important part of malaria control in Africa and WHO targets aim for 80% coverage. This study estimates the spatio-temporal access and use of ITNs in Africa from 2000-2020, and shows that both metrics have improved over time but access remains below WHO targets.

A single dose of an adeno-associated virus vector encoding an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody given shortly after birth results in persistent antibody expression and protection from infection in rhesus macaque models of human HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding and sexual intercourse.

Acetyl-CoA synthetases have been proposed as targets for development of new antimicrobial drugs. Here, Jezewski et al. identify isoxazole-based compounds with activity against the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, and describe their mechanism of action as inhibitors of fungal acetyl-CoA synthetases.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the survival of drug tolerant persister cells following chemotherapy remains elusive. Here, multi-omics analysis and experimental approaches show that the germ-cell-specific H3K4 methyltransferase PRDM9 promotes metabolic rewiring in glioblastoma stem cells.

The cellular origin of soft-tissue cancers, such as synovial sarcoma (SyS), is unknown. Here, expression of the oncoprotein, SS18::SSX, in fibroblasts was sufficient to produce human-like SyS tumours, thereby identifying a cell of origin for SyS.

Acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), a universal and highly conserved carrier of acyl intermediates during fatty acid and polyketide synthesis, are difficult to visualise. Here, the authors developed a facile, Raman spectroscopy-based method to detect ACP-substrate interactions.

The microbiota influences the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer but the impact on metastatic relapse is less clear. Here, the authors report that chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis induces systemic immune changes via production the microbial metabolite, indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), preventing metastases.