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Designing monovalent anion-selective membranes is challenging due to the need to balance trade-offs between flux and selectivity, membrane stability, and cost-effective fabrication. Here, the authors synthesized a polymer via superacid polymerization and designed a membrane using in-situ interfacial polymerization to optimize membrane properties.

Japonica subspecies has a lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of indica rice. Here, the authors show that natural variations in the NIN-like protein 4 (OsNLP4) encoding gene are responsible for the divergence and introgression of the indica OsNLP4 allele into elite japonica cultivar can increase NUE and grain yield.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of three large ornate natural bacterial RNA molecules reveal their quaternary structures and intra- and intermolecular interactions that stabilize them.

Monolayer amorphous carbon (a-C) has attracted attention due to its structural and electronic properties, but its synthesis has so far required the use of metal substrates. Here, the authors report the Te-assisted growth of large-scale 2D a-C patterns on various insulating substrates, confirming their insulating properties in quantum tunnelling devices.

Colonic goblet cell-associated passages allow translocation of live bacteria to other organs in early life, potentially leading to beneficial impacts.

Alternative polyadenylation is involved in plant responses to various stresses. Here, the authors show how a cis-natural antisense RNA promotes proximal polyadenylation of its cognate SlSPX5 gene in response to phosphate starvation in tomato.

To fully realize LLMs’ potential value in clinical applications, effective methods to enhance their quality and credibility are required. Here, the authors present LINS, a framework to enhance medical LLM responses by integrating up-to-date evidence and supporting clinical tasks, and validate it through new physician-curated datasets and large-scale user trials.

Increasing mitochondrial oxidative capacity and energy expenditure holds therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic disorders. Here, the authors identify MTCH2 as a mitochondrial regulator of fatty acid oxidation via interaction with CPT1.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

The genetic basis underlying resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) in oilseed rape remains elusive. Here, the authors identify BnaA07.MKK9 as a pivotal regulator of SSR resistance in oilseed rape by GWAS, providing new insights into plant defense mechanisms against necrotrophic pathogens.

The dysregulation of the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) has been associated with multiple human diseases, so IRE1α-targeting small molecules present great therapeutic potential. Here, the authors report a series of substituted indoles as IRE1α inhibitors of good potency and selectivity, and show that the inhibitor IA107 allosterically inhibits IRE1α RNase activity via binding to the IRE1α kinase domain but without inhibiting the IRE1α dimerization.

Here, the authors demonstrate increased global lactylation levels and in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. NFATc2 is identified as a key target gene regulated by histone H3 lysine 9 lactylation that exacerbates disease progression by enhancing the cartilage invasive function of fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Vertebra lengths differ from the neck to the tail tip and differ between species, evidenced by extreme differences in mouse and jerboa tails. Here, Weber and colleagues identify cellular mechanisms and candidate genes that shape vertebral proportion.

Quasi-solid ionic thermoelectric cells are promising for wearable electronics, though it is challenging to fabricate devices due to low thermopower. Here the authors report a supramolecular hydrogel to enhance the thermopower for wearable electronics.

Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy against NSCLC has been tested in clinical trials. Here, the authors follow up longer-term survival and measure immune cell phenotype changes in a single-arm phase II clinical trial of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, indicating association of intratumoural TCR diversity and CD8 T cell positioning.

The authors identify AgcT as the glycosyltransferase required for synthesis of Bacteroides fragilis-derived α-galactosylceramides (BfaGCs), metabolites known to regulate natural killer T cells, and its structural homologue BgsB that synthesizes α-glycosyl diacylglycerols (aGDGs). They establish a functional link between the production of BfaGCs or aGDGs and the activity and development of natural killer T cells.

Selecting for varieties of commercial crops with enhanced nutritional quality is important in agriculture. Here, the authors identify alleles of a gene in tomatoes that give rise to increased levels of vitamin E and find that the promoter of the gene is differentially methylated.

Embryonic stem cells for chicken and seven other avian species are derived.

The experimental demonstration of many-body signal amplification in a solid-state, room-temperature quantum sensor is reported.

Understanding the growth dynamics of GBMs can help expand therapeutic options. Here, authors use a cross-species computational approach to compare GBM cells to healthy neural stem cells, identifying predictors and modulators of tumour growth, including the Wnt antagonist, SFRP1, which stalls growth in preclinical xenograft models.

A proteotoxic stress response specific to exhausted T cells, governed by AKT signaling and accompanied by increased protein translation, represents a mechanistic vulnerability and a new therapeutic target to improve cancer immunotherapies.

Glioblastoma—the deadliest form of brain cancer—alters the calvarial bone and its marrow components, pushing it toward producing more myeloid cells and contributing to an immunosuppressive environment.

This study reports that the gene SMPED1, located in a previously identified dichogamy-determining region in Alpinia species, controls the timing of sex-organ synchrony, improving our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of plant sexual diversity.

Humic substance boost lake denitrification and reduce N₂O emissions via extracellular electron transfer by stimulating bacterial outer membrane cytochrome and nosZII-type N₂O reducers, thereby aiding eutrophication and climate impact mitigation.

Polyamide membranes are widely used for organic solvent nanofiltration, though conventional membranes suffer limited permeability for non-polar solvents. Here the authors incorporate a non-planar amine monomer with diphenyl ether moiety during polymerization to optimize nonpolar solvent permeability.

Authors integrate structural health monitoring and multi-temporal InSAR monitoring availability into geo-hazard risk assessment. Global analysis of 744 bridges reveals that, while less than 20% have structural health monitoring systems in place, Sentinel-1 could be used to augment monitoring of over 60% structures.

Cotton yarns encapsulated by a gel layer show dynamic swelling in methanol, creating interfacial self-reinforcement and pressure modulation mechanisms that enable the fabrication of fibre-shaped methanol fuel cells.

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) since the Last Interglacial is reconstructed, showing orbital-scale shifts in ACC position driven by eccentricity and precession, possibly counteracting the predicted southward shift due to global warming.

Small proteins (<50 kDa) are difficult to resolve by cryo-EM due to low signal-to-noise ratios and alignment challenges. Here, authors engineered conformationally rigid antibody fragments (Rigid Fabs) enabling high-resolution cryo-EM structures of small (~20 kDa) proteins like KRAS.

G protein-coupled receptor di/oligomers can diversify signaling and play roles in disease. Here authors stabilized D2 dopamine receptor di/oligomers that may selectively favor complexes with the adaptor protein β-arrestin2 to bias receptor activity.

The authors identify two coexisting incommensurate charge density waves whose interplay leads to joint commensuration and a long-period moiré structure.

High-density multimodal soft bioelectronic fibres provide a platform for minimally invasive implantable electronics, where diverse sensing and stimulation functionalities can be effectively integrated.

In a small trial of patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus and nephritis, treatment with allogeneic T cells with a CD19 chimeric antigen receptor inserted into the T cell receptor locus and deletion of the PD-1 (PDCD1) gene were safe and associated with reduced disease activity.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

In this study, the authors use a maternal infection mouse model to show that Zika virus infection during pregnancy reshapes offspring immunity in a sex-specific manner, weakening neutrophil defenses and heightening vulnerability to infections and inflammation later in life.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

An ensemble of spins from nitrogen–vacancy centres in diamonds is prepared in a spin-squeezed state.

In advancing the design of electronic devices, the dielectric tunability of barium strontium titanate is enhanced by an order of magnitude relative to the previously reported values through the manipulation of polar domain characteristics.

Baizosediminiarchaeum, a key player in the deep biosphere, builds butanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (BDGT) membrane lipids and feeds on both CO₂ and lignin, revealing a survival strategy in low-energy environments and a unique lipid biomarker for this group.

The location of EGFR exon 20 loop insertions (EGFRex20ins) has been shown to alter sensitivity to lung cancer therapy. Here, the authors report the results of the ZENITH20 clinical trial investigating poziotinib (EGFR TKI) in lung cancer patients and, combining with a similar trial, investigate how structural differences due to location of EGGFRex20ins alters sensitivity to EGFR TKI.

In a multicenter, randomized trial of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and recent decompensation, treatment with volenrelaxin, a long-acting form of human relaxin, was associated with worsening congestion across multiple endpoints as compared to placebo.

Available wheat genomes are annotated by projecting Chinese Spring gene models across the new assemblies. Here, the authors generate de novo gene annotations for the 9 wheat genomes, identify core and dispensable transcriptome, and reveal conservation and divergence of gene expression balance across homoeologous subgenomes.

The functional organization of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) for guiding eye movements has remained unknown. Here, the authors use functional ultrasound neuroimaging to reveal small, tuned clusters in PPC that reliably encode where we look over months to years.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

The photoinduced hidden metallic state in 1T-TaS₂ has so far been stabilized only at cryogenic temperatures. Now it is shown that accessing an additional mixed-phase long-lived metastable state can stabilize the hidden phase at higher temperatures.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.