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Evolutionarily related ‘proto-point’ centromeres providing resolution to the evolutionary origins of point centromeres are identified in yeast, and comparison shows they evolved in an ancestor with retrotransposon-rich centromeres and that long-terminal-repeat retrotransposons are the genetic substrate.

Transferring genetic materials between distantly related yeasts, presents technical challenges but can yield industrially interesting phenotypes. Here the authors establish a method to transfer individual chromosomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae into Kluyveromyces marxianus.

A sensitive Breakthrough Listen search for technosignatures towards Proxima Centauri has resulted in a viable narrowband signal. The observational approach, using the Parkes Murriyang telescope, is described here, while the signal of interest is analysed in a companion paper by Sheikh et al.

Methylotrophic metabolism enables growth on methanol, an alternative to sugar fermentation. Here the authors use adaptive laboratory evolution to uncover native methylotrophy capacity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Between around 5,000 to 2,000 years ago, a drying climate in the vast peatlands of the Congo Basin triggered peat decomposition and carbon release to the atmosphere, implying that this region may be vulnerable to future climate change.

Sun et al. report that a steroid-responsive enhancer is preferentially required for expression and function of cebpd in remote tissues during heart regeneration.

A direct imaging study demonstrates the existence of a giant planet in a wide orbit around the high-mass b Centauri binary system, and uses measurements of the orbital properties to discuss its formation mechanism.

The integration of microarray and metabolite data is important for understanding the physiology of model organisms. This study demonstrates how the integration of these kinds of data can provide novel insights into the growth and protein metabolism of two different yeast strains.

Large-scale computational and in vitro analyses identify commensal type III secretion systems and substrates in the human gut microbiome that can interact with human proteins to modulate immune pathways.

Stellar winds of main-sequence stars are extremely important for the evolution of both stars and planets, yet they are challenging to detect. Here a detection of charge-exchange X-ray emission from stellar winds from three main-sequence stars is presented, along with derived mass-loss rates.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

Precise chromosome segregation during mitosis requires coordination of stable chromosome bi-orientation with anaphase onset, however the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here the authors show that inner centromere localization of the chromosomal passenger complex maintains centromeric cohesion on bi-oriented chromosomes and allows mitotic checkpoint silencing.

Manipulating the chemical composition of proteins and peptides has been central to the development of polypeptide-based therapeutics and to help address fundamental biological questions. This Review describes how nature-inspired protein ligation strategies have been repurposed as chemical biology tools.

Cytogenetic and whole-genome-sequencing analyses using CEN-SELECT show that mitotic segregation errors generate a broad spectrum of chromosomal aberrations that recapitulate the complex structural features of cancer genomes.

Doa10/MARCHF6 is a conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in eukaryotes, but its molecular mechanism was unknown. The authors combine cryo-EM, computational and biochemical analyses to reveal how Doa10 recognizes its substrate proteins for ER-associated degradation.

Binenbaum et al. demonstrate that precise CRISPR-based targeting of a key chromatin mark (H3K4me3) can switch on genes, boost disease resistance, and unlock meiotic recombination in plants, opening new routes for crop improvement.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is engineered to produce high concentrations of artemisinic acid, a precursor of the artemisinin used in combination therapies for malaria treatment; an efficient and practical chemical process to convert artemisinic acid to artemisinin is also developed.

Using synthesized experimental and observational data, Cen et al. revealed that anthropogenic nitrogen deposition has increased global forest soil CO₂ emissions by ~5%, despite considerable spatial variation in the effects of nitrogen deposition.

In budding yeast ageing factors are retained in the mother cell, ensuring that the newly formed bud remains young. It is shown that a septin-dependent barrier forms in the nuclear envelope, which prevents pre-existing nuclear pores and other ageing factors from moving into the newly formed bud. These results demonstrate the importance of the nuclear envelope in ageing in yeast cells.

The millimetre image of the Centaurus A nucleus by the Event Horizon Telescope reveals a highly collimated, asymmetrically edge-brightened jet. The source’s event horizon shadow should be visible at terahertz frequencies, consistent with the universal scale invariance of black holes.

Genetic code expansion (GCE) enables the incorporation of new amino acids into proteins. Here, authors demonstrate the rapid OrthoRep-driven evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for GCE, increasing the building blocks available to protein engineering and the scale and ease for achieving GCE.

Geometrical frustration and long-range couplings give rise to exotic quantum phases. This work proposes a subwavelength Raman lattice that naturally incorporates both factors, leading to many-body phenomena such as density waves and chiral superfluids.

Here the authors provide a comprehensive evaluation of important pre-analytical variables affecting extracellular RNA quantification and analysis in the exRNAQC study, examining eight RNA purification methods, ten blood collection tubes, and three time intervals for blood processing.

The large-scale spatial distribution of local active galactic nuclei can constrain the black hole–stellar mass relation and their mean radiative efficiency to 10–20%, suggesting moderate to high spins for the vast majority of supermassive black holes.

This mega-analysis of brain resting-state functional connectivity in young individuals with major depressive disorder scanned at six sites across four countries identified hub regions of the attentional and default mode networks as predictors of depression severity.

Controlling the component ratios of plant essential oils is challenging in their heterologous bioproduction. Here, the authors combine metabolic and enzymatic engineering strategies to achieve the production of sandalwood oil with a desirable component ratio in baker’s yeast.

This work elucidates the role of AGN feedback in supermassive black hole–host galaxy interactions, showing how outflow acceleration is key to the expulsion of gas from the galaxy, regulating or quenching the growth of the black hole.

Here, in an open-label pilot trial, the authors show that multi-donor fecal microbiota transfer in young women with anorexia nervosa was well tolerated and led to lasting changes in gut bacteria, supporting further research on microbiome-based treatments.

The crucial ion-binding events that drive H⁺/Cl⁻ exchange in the bacterial transporter CLC-ec1 are now probed by isothermal calorimetry and detergent-solubilized proteins. The results indicate that transport via CLC channels have an inherent directionality, rather than being driven by an electrochemical gradient.

Analysis of human Robertsonian chromosomes originating from 13, 14 and 21 reveal that they result from breaks at the SST1 macrosatellite DNA array and recombination between homologous sequences surrounding SST1.

A single-cell multi-omics atlas of rice is revealed, providing insight into cell-type functions and molecular programs.

X-ray spectroscopic observations of the Centaurus galaxy cluster with the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission satellite show that the hot gas flows along the line of sight relative to the central galaxy.

Organic chemical reactions can be divided into classes that allow chemists to use the knowledge they have about optimal conditions for specific reactions in the context of other reactions of similar type. Schwaller et al. present here an efficient method based on transformer neural networks that learns a chemical space in which reactions of a similar class are grouped together.

Metabolically active organelles compete for cytosolic space and resources during metabolism rewiring. Here, the authors develop a computational model of yeast metabolism and resource allocation to predict condition- and compartment-specific proteome constraints that govern metabolic strategies.

The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the mitochondrial TIM23 complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows that Tim17 forms a protein translocation path.