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Using screening data on intrinsic capacity (IC) from real-world implementation in primary care of the WHO ICOPE program, de Souto Barreto and Lu et al. developed clinically friendly IC scores and centile values to monitor functional health during aging.

A cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls identifies 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology.

By exploiting the electro-optic properties of thin-film lithium niobate, an integrated single-waveguide Fourier transform spectrometer with a footprint of <10 mm² and an operational bandwidth of 500 nm in the near- and short-wavelength infrared is demonstrated.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as GABA_B, can integrate extracellular signals via allosteric interactions within dimers and oligomers. Here authors use crosslinking and identify two transmembrane interfaces in GABA_B which undergo a concerted rearrangement upon agonist activation.

Super-enhancers (SEs) drive specific gene expression programmes underlying different cancer cell states offering opportunities for therapeutic targeting. Here, the authors suggest targeting SE-dependent genes with synthetic ecteinascidins in tumors with heterogeneous transcriptional landscapes.

Analysis of genomic and epidemiology data from 2022 in New York City show similarities between the dynamics of MPXV and HIV transmission, and highlight the role of heavy-tailed sexual contact networks in disease transmission.

Applications of rare-earth nickelates are hampered by lack of global understanding of the interplay among various degrees of freedom. Here, Mercy et al. propose that the metal-insulator transition of nickelates arises from the softening of an oxygen breathing distortion, providing a united picture of electronic, structural and magnetic properties.

This study present a strategy involving construction of 22,821 photovoltaic, onshore-wind, and offshore-wind plants in 192 countries worldwide under cost minimization, emphasizing the physical and socioeconomic challenges forward.

Correct interpretation of computer tomography (CT) scans is important for the correct assessment of a patient’s disease but can be subjective and timely. Here, the authors develop a system that can automatically segment the non-small cell lung cancer on CT images of patients and show in an in silico trial that the method was faster and more reproducible than clinicians.

Pangenome analyses of 133 wild accessions of the model bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha identify adaptive features and provide insights into the mechanisms of plant adaptation to the terrestrial environment.

A number of human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, patients suffer from respiratory symptoms commonly attributed to cardiac insufficiency. Here, the authors characterise the role of pulmonary Trypanosoma brucei in respiratory infection.

The authors show that immunosuppression is highly conserved in the bacterial order Xanthomonadales. This feature, which preceded their specialization as host-adapted pathogens, probably contributes to their prominence as core members of the plant microbiota.

Timothy Frayling, Joel Hirschhorn, Peter Visscher and colleagues report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for adult height in 253,288 individuals. They identify 697 variants in 423 loci significantly associated with adult height and find that these variants cluster in pathways involved in growth and together explain one-fifth of the heritability for this trait.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

A randomized trial in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 showed no benefit and potentially increased harm associated with the use of convalescent plasma, with subgroup analyses suggesting that the antibody profile in donor plasma is critical in determining clinical outcomes.

Here, using human liver chimeric mice, the authors describe perturbation of the diurnal transcriptome and epigenome of human hepatocytes during hepatitis C virus infection, affecting pathways mediating metabolic alterations, fibrosis, and cancer, and further show that the pathways remain affected in patients with advanced liver disease.

A multi-omics approach reveals host–microbiome interactions in aging in mice.

Here the authors provide a comprehensive evaluation of important pre-analytical variables affecting extracellular RNA quantification and analysis in the exRNAQC study, examining eight RNA purification methods, ten blood collection tubes, and three time intervals for blood processing.

The mechanism of the multiple-q charge density wave phase in the antiferromagnetic kagome metal FeGe is not fully understood. Here the authors reveal dimerization-driven hexagonal charge-diffuse precursor and identify the fraction of dimerized/undimerized states as the key order parameter of the phase transition.

The 2D material hBN hosts various optically addressable spin defects, promising for quantum technology applications. Here the authors report the co-existence of spin-1 and spin-1/2 defects in hBN, show their room temperature coherent control and optical readout, as well as cross-relaxation.

Ruth Loos and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association study for body mass index. They identify 18 new loci associated with this trait, some of which map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance.

Rocks and dust from the asteroid Bennu contain some of the molecular building blocks of life on Earth, such as amino acids and nucleobases. They also carry ammonia that formed billions of years ago in cold, distant regions of our Solar System.

Studying all amino acid substitutions in the yeast cytosine deaminase Fcy1, the target of the antifungal 5-FC, the authors show a sharp trade-off between 5-FC resistance and growth sustained by cytosine deamination.

Branching artefacts can confound the reconstruction of deep evolutionary relationships. Here, the authors show improvement in partitioned phylogenomic analyses when using site-heterogeneous models and amino acid recoding, including in resolving the debated phylogenetic placement of comb jellies.

Fur farming represents an important hub of cross-species transmission for viral zoonoses.

Oncogene-induced senescence is a key tumor suppressor mechanism. Here, the authors show that replication stress induced by the RASV12 oncogene activates the cGAS-STING pathway, which in turn acts as a positive feedback loop to promote senescence.

A global multi-taxon extinction risk assessment of freshwater fauna for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species finds one-quarter of species to be at high risk of extinction.

Detailed structural analysis of Palaeospondylus gunni from the Middle Devonian period shows strong resemblance to Eusthenopteron and Panderichthys, indicating that it was a sarcopterygian and most probably a stem-tetrapod.

Permafrost in Europe’s mountains has warmed by more than 1 °C per decade in certain places, matching the levels in Arctic lowlands. The strongest warming occurred at cold bedrock at the highest elevations and latitudes or after permafrost degraded.

Phenothiazines inhibit Type IV pili function in Neisseria meningitidis and protect against bacterial colonization of blood vessels and lethality during infection.

DNA replication is initiated at defined genomic sites called origins of replication following ORC pre-replicative complex assembly. Here the authors identify a protein ubiquitylating ORC that is involved in origin activation and may act as a selector of origins to be fired.

Large-scale sequence-based analyses identify novel risk variants and susceptibility genes for Crohn’s disease, and implicate mesenchymal cell-mediated intestinal homeostasis in disease etiology.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

The authors use ground-based records and remote-sensing data to show that late spring frost delays the timing of spring leaf-out in the subsequent year by reducing photosynthetic productivity. Integrating late spring frost into models can increase the accuracy of predictions of spring timings and carbon cycling.

Integrated Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 402 drilled two in-situ long mantle sections in the Tyrrhenian Sea, revealing that retention of large quantities of melts at mantle levels delayed the birth of an ocean basin.

This study identifies a novel immune checkpoint in senescent cells that is linked to the ganglioside GD3 and that contributes to the evasion of immune clearance by these cells and to aging and age-related diseases.

Brain function requires the formation of diverse and specific synapses. The authors show that the molecular code specifying excitatory connectivity on Purkinje cells evolves in an input-specific manner with postnatal circuit maturation.

Alternative stable states in forests have implications for the biosphere. Here, the authors combine forest biodiversity observations and simulations revealing that leaf types across temperate regions of the NH follow a bimodal distribution suggesting signatures of alternative forest states.

Genome-wide association analyses comprising 14,256 cases and 1,199,156 controls and incorporating correlated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging traits provide insights into the molecular etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy.

Actionable research recommendations are outlined to improve the monitoring and modelling of forest resources and their carbon sink, and to better inform forest management decisions and the European Green Deal.

Genome-wide association analyses of intracranial and nine subcortical brain volumes in 74,898 participants of European ancestry identify 254 independent loci and yield polygenic scores accounting for brain variation across ancestries.