The Kadowaki–Woods ratio attempts to relate the temperature dependence of a metal to its heat capacity. However, as it takes different values for different classes of metals it is not universal. By including effects related to carrier density and spatial dimensionality, a much more universal ratio, which describes the properties of many different systems, has been achieved.
- A. C. Jacko
- J. O. Fjærestad
- B. J. Powell
