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A picometer-scale optical ruler is proposed based on precise location of a vanishingly small transverse optical phase singularity. This ruler is capable of measuring three-dimensional picometric displacements within optical interferometric systems.

The role of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (MIRI) largely remains unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Myocardial Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein promotes MIRI suggesting MAVS protein as potential therapeutic target.

Polyketide synthases are powerful assembly line enzymes for the production of organic compounds. Here, the authors develop a versatile engineering strategy for assembly line reprogramming, enabling custom biosynthesis of designer molecules.

ApoE is a direct checkpoint inhibitor of unresolvable inflammation in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases

Coppé and colleagues define a resistance mechanism to combination BRAF- and EGFR-targeted therapy in BRAF^V600E colorectal cancers that could be overcome in vitro and in vivo by repurposing COX2 inhibitors.

Oocyte meiotic defects increase with age and contribute to decreased oocyte quality. Here the authors show that granulosa cell mevalonate pathway abnormalities contribute to aneuploidy during ovarian aging and that supplementation with mevalonate metabolites improves oocyte quality, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for promoting female reproductive longevity.

An avian influenza H7N9 virus causes severe human disease, including acute and often lethal respiratory failure. Here, the authors report that plasma levels of angiotensin II, a regulatory peptide of the renin–angiotensin system, are associated with disease severity and fatal outcome in infected patients.

Wang et al. profiled T cells in atherosclerotic plaques, artery tertiary lymphoid organs, and lymph nodes in mice with advanced atherosclerosis by single-cell RNA sequencing paired with T cell antigen receptor sequencing and observed complex patterns of deteriorating peripheral T cell tolerance. Signs of CD8⁺ tolerance dysfunction were found also in human plaques transcriptomic data, indicating that atherosclerosis can be considered as a bona fide T cell autoimmune disease.

The biological mechanisms regulating blood-brain barrier integrity remain unclear. Here, the authors identify microglial NLRP3-gasdermin D signaling as a driver of blood-brain barrier disruption during peripheral inflammation in mice, mediated by CXCL-dependent neutrophil recruitment.

This work reports a single-atom Ni incorporated CeO₂ catalyst that boosts the efficiency of solar CO₂ reduction under concentrated light irradiation.

Zhong et al. show that the protein GP73 stimulates hepatic glucose production and is induced in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo, thus proposing a molecular mechanism underlying hyperglycemia associated with COVID-19.

The mechanism by which the cross-talk between bone and adipose tissue regulates metabolic homeostasis is unknown. Here, the authors show a mechanism whereby bone marrow factor GCA initiates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, showing how GCA targeting could potentially treat metainflammation.

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) have emerged as new materials in various fields, but their scalable synthesis still remains a challenge. Here, the authors report an ultrafast, one-step method for the continuous synthesis of HEA-NPs based on the thermal plasma jet technology.

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are peptidases that remove ubiquitin from post-translationally modified proteins. The identification of a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the USP1–UAF1 deubiquitination complex reveals a role for deubiquitination in regulating the DNA damage response.

Döring, van der Vorst, Yan, Neideck et al. present a non-canonical chemokine pathway involving CCL17 signaling through CCR8, which induces CCL3 expression independent of CCR4 and suppresses the functions of atheroprotective T_reg cells.

Microplastics interacting with cyanobacteria can alter microbial communities and functional genes, impacting carbon and nitrogen cycles in seagrass meadows and posing ecological risks, according to an in-situ incubation experiment in seagrass meadow at Swan Lake, China.

Finding the ground states of spin glasses relevant for disordered magnets and many other physical systems is computationally challenging. The authors propose here a deep reinforcement learning framework for calculating the ground states, which can be trained on small-scale spin glass instances and then applied to arbitrarily large ones.

The peripheral nervous system uses neuroimmune cardiovascular interfaces to assemble a structural artery–brain circuit, and therapeutic intervention in the artery–brain circuit attenuates atherosclerosis.

Focused light beams can be used as optical tweezers for manipulating small dielectric particles, but they normally repel metallic ones. By exploiting surface plasmons excited by a radially polarized beam, Min et al.show that it is possible to trap metallic particles with diameters up to 2.2 μm.

The hypermethylated genome of a fish vertebrate iridovirus is crucial for its infection and plays an important role in the virus’ ability to evade the host immune response.

DNA damage products influence DNA replication but also may induce stalling or mutagenesis during transcription. A competitive transcription and adduct bypass assay provides a new approach for assessing the transcriptional effects of DNA lesions and links transcriptional arrest of several lesions to nucleotide excision repair pathways.

Mesenchymal stem cells are essential for bone development, but it is unclear if their activity is maintained after late puberty, when bone growth decelerates. The authors show that during late puberty in mice, these cells undergo senescence under the epigenetic control of Ezh2.

Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) affect adipose tissue metabolism and function. Here the authors show that the ILC2 are present in para-aortic adipose tissue and represent a major source of IL-5 and IL-13 required for mounting atheroprotective immunity, which can be altered by high fat diet.

Preostoclasts secrete PDGF-BB to promote angiogenesis in the bone, promoting bone homeostasis and preventing bone loss in an osteoporosis model.

It is unclear what regulates the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in arterial repair following injury. Here, the authors show that MSC differentiation following injury is triggered by RhoA which in turn stimulates the release of connective tissue growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor.

Imaging tracking of the migration of cell-based drug delivery systems are needed for expanding their clinical application for glioma. Here they report inflammation activatable engineered neutrophils containing doxorubicin-loaded magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles to image and actively target brain tumors after resection.

Intact single crystals of the enzyme lysozyme can be used to study the time-dependent, protein-directed growth of gold nanoparticles.