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DeepMVP is a deep learning framework for predicting PTM sites and variant-induced alterations across six modification types, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, sumoylation, ubiquitination and N-glycosylation.

Clean photoelectrochemical water oxidation can yield H₂O₂, but its mechanism remains unclear. Using time-resolved spectroscopy, the authors report the first-order reaction kinetics and accelerated consumption of the first-hole intermediates in H₂O₂ evolution.

The use of artificial neurons for emulation of biological nervous systems are still limited by the replication of the frequency range. Here, the authors present an ion-electronic hybrid artificial neuron that utilizes the nonlinear behaviour of the ion transfer for frequency modulation.

Middle-aged individuals are more susceptible to obesity, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that extracellular vesicles from adipose progenitor cells in middle-aged individuals lack miR-145-5p, driving inflammation, and that restoring miR-145-5p could prevent midlife obesity.

The development of a new smallsample learning framework, KprFunc, leads to the discovery of an important role for lysine propionylation in determining global protein homeostasis, mediated by a critical propionylation site on histone H2B, H2BK17pr.

Transistor scaling degrades intrinsic gain, challenging analog circuit design. The authors fabricated carbon nanotube thin-film transistors with gate-modulated negative differential resistance, achieving high and variable intrinsic gain, even at deep-submicron scales.

Single cell RNA-seq is a powerful method to assign cell identity, but the purity of cell clusters arising from this data is not clear. Here the authors present an entropy-based statistic called ROGUE to quantify the purity of cell clusters, and identify subtypes within clusters.

Phosphorylation plays an important role in the regulation of molecular circadian clocks. Here the authors utilize multi-omics data from flies to describe the circadian kinome and identify GASKET as a potentially important regulator within the circadian kinase network.

The increasing size of single cell sequencing data sets calls for scalable cell annotation methods. Here, the authors introduce SciBet, which uses a multinomial distribution model and maximum likelihood estimation for fast and accurate single cell identification.

Despite being an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resistance to oxaliplatin presents a major obstacle. Here, the authors identify PRMT3-induced methylation of IGF2BP1 resulting in HEG1 stabilisation as a mechanism of oxaliplatin resistance in HCC.

Achieving long-cycle-life, aqueous, dual-electrode-free Zn/MnO₂ batteries with high energy density is challenging. This work introduces a liquid crystal interphase in the electrolytes with soft templating effects, considerably enhancing performance.

Two sequence-verified, clonal, publicly available collections of human open reading frames are reported. One collection is in a lentiviral vector for expression in mammalian cells; the other is in the Gateway vector system.

Defect-assisted nonradiative recombination and carrier aggregation at the interface hinder the potential of perovskites as emitter for light-emitting diodes. Here, Fang et al. achieve an external quantum efficiency of 24.1% by combining multidimensional perovskite with cascade conduction bands.

Luis Pérez-Jurado, Stephen Chanock and colleagues detect clonal chromosomal abnormalities in peripheral blood or buccal samples from individuals in the general population. They show that the frequency of such events increases with age and is associated with elevated risk of developing subsequent hematological cancers.

Keratitis is the main cause of corneal blindness worldwide, but most vision loss caused by keratitis can be avoidable via early detection and treatment, which are challenging in resource-limited settings. Here, the authors develop a deep learning system for the automated classification of keratitis and other cornea abnormalities.

Although autophagy has been linked to tumourigenesis, it is unclear how genomic alterations affect autophagy selectivity in tumours. Here, the authors establish a pipeline that integrates computational and experimental approaches to show that altered autophagy selectivity is frequent in cancer cells and link glycogen autophagy with tumourigenesis.

Quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of genomically annotated human breast cancer samples elucidates functional consequences of somatic mutations, narrows candidate nominations for driver genes within large deletions and amplified regions, and identifies potential therapeutic targets.

Photovoltage measurements on cuprous oxide photocatalyst particles are used to spatiotemporally track the charge transfer processes on the femtosecond to second timescale at the single-particle level.

Cotton gauze is widely used as haemostatic material for bleeding control, but its high blood absorption capacity can to cause extra blood loss. Here, the authors develop a cotton gauze whose surface is modified with a catechol compound featuring a flexible long hydrophobic alkyl chain which demonstrates excellent haemostatic performance.

Large-scale exome association analysis of UKBB data examining seven cerebellar traits, identifies 90 genes, 60 of which are novel, and suggests links between cerebellar volume and microstructure, and neuropsychiatric diseases.

Observations of highly redshifted broad absorption lines of helium and hydrogen atoms provide unambiguous evidence of fast infalling gas that is merging into an accretion disk around a black hole.

High-throughput yeast two-hybrid screening is used to generate the largest C. elegans interactome resource available thus far. Using an empirical quality control framework presented in Venkatesan et al., also online, the data set is evaluated for quality and is used to estimate the total size of the worm interactome.

Surface photovoltage microscopy as described in this protocol allows high spatial and energy resolution mapping of surface-charge distributions on photocatalyst particles, enabling rational design of improved materials.

The oncogenic role of RAD21 in NSCLC is mediated by NIPBL via H3K27 demethylation and suggest its use as a potential novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.

GO can undergo significant physicochemical transformation in two simulated lung fluids–Gamble’s solution and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF), as the organic acids in lung fluids cause reduction of GO. Biotransformation markedly inhibits the endocytosis of GO by scavenging macrophages. Notably, alterations in Gamble’s solution enhance the aggregation of GO in a layer-to-layer manner, resulting in GO precipitation and reduced interaction with cells, whereas changes in ALF lead to edge-to-edge aggregation of GO, enhancing the adhesion of large sheet-like GO aggregates on plasma membrane without cellular uptake.