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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

In this multicentered observational study, Rotavac, an indigenous, monovalent, live, attenuated, oral rotavirus vaccine, had an adjusted vaccine efficacy of 54% and protected against severe gastroenteritis in Indian children during its rollout between 2016 and 2020.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy against NSCLC has been tested in clinical trials. Here, the authors follow up longer-term survival and measure immune cell phenotype changes in a single-arm phase II clinical trial of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, indicating association of intratumoural TCR diversity and CD8 T cell positioning.

Reliable prediction of bacterial abundance dynamics in microbial communities is still unresolved. Here, the authors built a graph neural network-based model trained on historical relative abundance data to predict species abundance dynamics for weeks to months for any longitudinal microbial dataset.

In this study, Weber et al., investigate the long-term survival and integration of human stem cell-derived neural progenitors into the stroke-injured mouse brains. They report grafted cells integrate into host circuits and mediate repair through graft-host crosstalk via neurexin, neuregulin, neural cell adhesion molecules, and SLIT signalling pathways.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

An inherently explainable AI trained on 1,015 expert-annotated prostate tissue images achieved strong Gleason pattern segmentation while providing interpretable outputs and addressing interobserver variability in pathology.

This study characterizes the interaction between the clinical candidate anle138b and Aβ₄₀ fibrils in a lipid environment. The compound reduced fibril formation by approximately 75%, providing insights relevant to Alzheimer’s drug development.

A genetic study of natural variation in potato tuberization onset, an important phenotype for breeding potatoes adapted to different global day lengths, has revealed a role for StCDF1, a member of the DOF family of transcription factors.

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is predicted to slow with climate change. Sea surface temperature data and climate model analysis show that since 1900 natural variability has been dominant in AMOC changes; anthropogenic forcing is not yet reliably detectable by this method.

In a large-scale prospective study run across 12 sites in Germany and involving 463,094 women and 119 radiologists, AI-supported screening increased breast cancer detection rates by a significant margin without affecting the recall rate.

The specific glycosylation patterns of biological drugs often impact the efficacy and safety of the therapeutic product. Here the authors describe a native mass spectrometry approach that allows the resolution of highly complex glycosylation patterns on large proteins, which they apply to the therapeutic Fc-fusion protein Etanercept.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

Reduced placental angiogenesis is suspected to cause preeclampsia. Using placental in vitro models and an in vivo model, the authors uncover the key role of an amino acid transporter and related molecular interactions that together induce an anti-angiogenic state, as observed in preeclampsia.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

Here, authors provide a molecular view of a clustered saccharide patch on mucins as recognized by a bacterial binding module. This work provides insights into how microbes can remain attached to mucins in the mucus while grazing on their glycans.

Results from the randomized, noncomparative, phase 2 MATISSE trial show that ultra-short neoadjuvant therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab can prevent surgery and radiotherapy in patients with resectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, with an early decrease in total lesion glycolysis by [¹⁸F]FDG-PET/CT associated with response.

Seismological and geodetic data are used together with a machine learning earthquake catalogue to reconstruct magma migration before and during the 2025 volcano–tectonic crisis at Santorini volcano, indicating a coupling between Santorini and Kolumbo.

Anthropogenic climate change is projected to cause “Day Zero Drought”, when water demand exceeds supply, emerging as early as 2030 and occurring more frequently than recovery allows, posing escalating risks to regions worldwide.

The performance of inverted perovskite solar cells has been limited by non-radiative recombination at the perovskite surfaces. Here, authors employ phosphonic acids and piperazinium chloride for homogeneous passivation, achieving certified efficiency of 28.9% for 60 cm² perovskite-silicon tandems.

A single-phase chromium–molybdenum–silicon alloy is described that exhibits compression ductility at room temperature as well as resistance to oxidation, pesting, nitridation and scale spallation at temperatures up to at least 1,100 °C.

This study quantifies the social costs of aviation’s CO₂ emissions and contrail cirrus. Targeting flights with high contrail cirrus impacts could substantially reduce aviation’s climate damages.

Increasing mitochondrial oxidative capacity and energy expenditure holds therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic disorders. Here, the authors identify MTCH2 as a mitochondrial regulator of fatty acid oxidation via interaction with CPT1.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Current photoproximity labelling methods often require metal-based catalysts to map protein interactomes but, owing to their toxicity, they have limited intracellular applicability. A deazaflavin cofactor has now been developed as a biocompatible alternative for diazirine activation inside living cells, offering accurate mapping of protein interactors and dynamics with excellent spatio-temporal control.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.

Graphene systems have the potential to host Wigner crystal states at zero magnetic field. Here, the authors report transport signatures consistent with Wigner crystallization in AB-stacked bilayer graphene at both zero and finite magnetic fields.

In the randomized phase 1b/2 Morpheus-Melanoma trial evaluating various neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens in patients with resectable stage III melanoma, tobemstomig, an anti-PD-1/anti-LAG-3 bispecific antibody, showed the highest pathologic response rate with a better safety profile than the standard treatment approach of ipilimumab plus nivolumab.

The transcription factor ATF6 causes an enrichment in long-chain fatty acids in the colonic epithelium, which leads to changes in the gut microbiota and contributes to the development of colorectal cancer in humans and mice, thereby linking endoplasmic reticulum stress responses to lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis.

Germany is paving the way toward genomics-based personalized healthcare and translational research.

Distinguishing glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains challenging due to their overlapping pathology features. Here, the authors develop a computational tool, PICTURE, for differentiating similar pathological features enabling improved diagnosis of CNS tumours.

Mothers can fiercely defend their young, but how the brain triggers this response remains to a large extent a mystery. Here, authors show that a dormant, hormone-sensitive brain circuit switches on to spark maternal aggression during the lactation period.

The developing heart integrates several progenitor cell types. Here they show that the pericardium enveloping the heart develops among cells that form the mesothelium around inner organs and body cavities, distinct from the classic heart field.

The author demonstrates that laser-driven ultracold Fermi gases can exhibit color-orbit-like coupling with SU(3) symmetry. This leads to color-like oscillations and other quantum-chromodyamics-like phenomena in an atomic physics laboratory.

The authors conduct a national inventory on individual tree carbon stocks in Rwanda using aerial imagery and deep learning. Most mapped trees are located in farmlands; new methods allow partitioning to any landscape categories, effective planning and optimization of carbon sequestration and the economic benefits of trees.

The evolutionary origin of tumours remains largely unknown. Here, Domazet-Lošo et al. show evidence for naturally occurring tumours in the freshwater polyp, Hydra, and suggest that tumours have deep evolutionary roots.

The authors propose and demonstrate the concept of photonic-electronic arbitrary-waveform generation, overcoming the bandwidth limitations of all-electronic systems. The idea is to exploit quadrature multiplexing of optical waveforms and opto-electronic conversion by phase-stabilized coherent detection.

Natural products populate areas of chemical space not occupied by average synthetic molecules. Here, an analysis of more than 180,000 natural product structures results in a library of 2,000 natural-product-derived fragments, which resemble the properties of the natural products themselves and give access to novel inhibitor chemotypes.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

A proteotoxic stress response specific to exhausted T cells, governed by AKT signaling and accompanied by increased protein translation, represents a mechanistic vulnerability and a new therapeutic target to improve cancer immunotherapies.

The microbiomes associated with reef corals are complex and diverse. Here, the authors investigate fire coral clones naturally occurring in distinct habitats as a model system to disentangle the contribution of host genotype and environment on their microbiome, and predict genomic functions based on taxonomic profiles.

Small cell lung cancer cells form functional synapses with glutamatergic neurons, receiving synaptic transmissions and deriving a proliferative advantage from these interactions.

The GAIN domain of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors, a class of biological mechanosensors, was thought to be sufficient for its self-cleavage. Here, the authors show that the event also depends on the seven-transmembrane region of the receptors.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a cancer predisposition disorder caused by TP53 variants, but the way different TP53 variants contribute remains unclear. Here, the authors analyse TP53 mutagenesis datasets and identify five TP53 variant clusters that show associations with specific cancer patterns as well as potential clinical strategies.

The study reveals that the Iceland Plume thinned the lithosphere beneath Britain and Ireland, shaping past volcanism and uplift, and controlling present-day intraplate seismicity and seismic hazard.

The dynamics of hole-conjugated fractional quantum Hall states is poorly understood due to the limitations of current experimental probes. Here the authors study the high-frequency dynamics of edge modes at filling factor 2/3, precisely identifying the tunneling charge and damping of constituent charge modes.

Liquid crystal elastomers can be used for actuators, though it is challenging the balance mechanical properties and actuation performance. Here the authors use catechol-ion coordination to optimize these properties.

Here the authors provide a deep tissue analysis of patients with autoimmune kidney diseases, identifying a conserved spatiotemporal immune program for the development of glomerular crescents and sclerosis.