Search

An inherently explainable AI trained on 1,015 expert-annotated prostate tissue images achieved strong Gleason pattern segmentation while providing interpretable outputs and addressing interobserver variability in pathology.

Wastewater surveillance can be used to track infectious diseases. A six-plex digital PCR assay is shown to provide information on four respiratory diseases at the same time, with data that have a high level of agreement with reported case numbers.

Tuft cells constitutively express IL-25 to sustain ILC2 homeostasis in the intestine, but mechanisms driving IL-25 secretion have been unclear. Here, Feng et al. find that tuft cells express IL-17RB, which is required to regulate the bioavailability of IL-25 and to restrain the activation of ILC2s during homeostasis.

Finding ways to compensate for mitochondrial dysfunction is essential. Here, the authors performed a genome-wide genetic screen to identify genes that mitigate the larvae lethal phenotype of a fruit fly model with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Resistive switching in metal oxides is related to the migration of donor defects. Here Baeumer et al. use in operandoX-ray spectromicroscopy to quantify the doping locally and show that small local variations in the donor concentration result in large variations in the device resistance.

Serial Lift-Out creates a series of lamellae from one lift-out volume for cryo-ET, increasing the ease and throughput of cryo-lift-out and enabling the study of molecular anatomy in multicellular systems including C. elegans larvae.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Laser spectroscopy measurements of the fermium isotopic chain show a smooth trend in the nuclear size of heavy actinide elements, and diminishing shell effects on the size evolution compared with lighter nuclei.

Here the authors generate a capsid-like particle based vaccine candidate displaying the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and show induction of neutralizing antibodies after intramuscular prime-boost immunization in mice.

Here, the authors identify a cognitive reserve-related activity pattern underlying successful memory encoding. They further derive individual reserve scores that predict the maintenance of cognitive performance in the face of Alzheimer’s disease pathology.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

This study identifies the DENR–MCT-1 complex as the first factors in animals specific for translation re-initiation downstream of upstream Open Reading Frames (uORFs).

The molecular characteristics and therapeutic vulnerabilities of TFCP2-rearranged rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) require further exploration. Here, the authors use multi-omics analyses and functional and mechanistic investigations to characterize TFCP2-rearranged RMS – including cases with FUS/EWSR1-TFCP2 fusions – across two precision oncology programs.

Nitrile reduction is a simple method for the generation of amines, though successful catalysts use expensive precious metals such as ruthenium. Here, the authors use an iron complex, demonstrating its application in the hydrogenation of nitriles and dinitriles to primary amines.

The effectiveness of the different policies and policy bundles for food systems transformation to achieve SDGs in China vary widely. Using an integrated modelling framework covering 18 indicators, this study compares the trade-offs and outcomes of efforts focused on dietary transitions, climate change mitigation and ecological conservation, and faster socioeconomic development, ultimately revealing that dietary shifts offer the most benefits.

Christoph Klein and colleagues identify loss-of-function mutations in SMARCD2 (BAF60b) that lead to neutropenia, specific granule deficiency and myelodysplasia. They show that SMARCD2 controls differentiation of myeloid–erythroid progenitor cells through interaction with CEBPɛ and that reduced SMARCD2 levels cause transcription and chromatin alterations in acute myeloid leukemia cells.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Macrophages are pleiotropic and can have different functions and phenotypes. Here the authors show that a population of macrophages, previously described as pro-fibrotic, can be induced through Notch2 blockade and that in a mouse lung injury and fibrosis model this macrophage population does not promote inflammation or fibrosis.

In this Viewpoint article, we asked six scientists working in the field of cancer dormancy to provide their opinions on the current state of the field and the challenges associated with translating dormancy research into the clinic.

Metastatic dissemination in breast cancer patients occurs early in malignant transformation, raising questions about how disseminated cancer cells (DCC) progress at distant sites. Here, the authors show that DCCs in bone marrow are activated via IL6-trans-signaling and thereby acquire stemness traits relevant for metastasis formation.

The growth of colorectal cancer is reduced by ketogenic diet consumption, the properties of which are mediated by the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate.

Histone deacetylation at the onset of mitosis induces a chromatin-intrinsic phase transition that endows chromosomes with the physical characteristics necessary for their precise movement during cell division.

The heparan sulfate proteoglycan-binding cytokine APRIL has a protective role against atherosclerotic disease.

Identifying economic and ecological trade-offs of land-use transitions is important to ensure sustainability. Here, Grass et al. find biodiversity-profit trade-offs in tropical land-use transitions in Sumatra, and show that targeted landscape planning is needed to increase land-use efficiency while ensuring socio-ecological sustainability.

Blacher et al. examine the effect of aging on the myeloid circadian clock. They find that aging disrupts circadian transcriptional responses and identify KLF4 as a critical oscillating transcription factor that regulates macrophage gene expression and phagocytosis.

NKp46⁺ innate lymphoid cells are identified as pivotal signal amplifiers of autoinflammatory responses in lupus nephritis.

Previous studies suggest that individual differences in intelligence correlate with circuit complexity and dendritic arborization in the brain. Here the authors use NODDI, a diffusion MRI technique, to confirm that neurite density and arborization are inversely related to measures of intelligence.

Protein serial crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) is a powerful technique for structure determination. Here, authors present a device for sample delivery designed to abate challenges to non-specialists allowing for compound screening.

Memristive devices offer a future low-power solution to data storage and logic operations, but there is still a lack of suitable material design rules. Here, the authors present a design rule for retention-failure-resistant devices based on spectromicroscopic studies of strontium titanate.

Measurement of the bound-state β⁻ decay of ²⁰⁵Tl⁸¹⁺ gives a new, longer half-life, allowing for the calculation of accurate stellar ²⁰⁵Pb yields and the isolation time of the early Solar System.

Adult kidney organoids, or tubuloids, originate from CD24⁺ epithelial cells. Tubuloids represent a functional kidney tubule and can be used to model autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and study drug response.

Analysis with alleles encoding pharmacologically degradable Mediator subunits shows that Mediator acts as a global coactivator that facilitates transcription globally but is acutely required for cell-type-specific gene regulatory circuits.