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This Consensus Statement presents the standards for technical reporting in environmental and host-associated microbiome studies (STREAMS) guidelines.

A combination of high-resolution spatial imaging, spatial proteomics and transcriptional data reveals sparse and heterogeneous bacterial signals in gliomas and brain metastases.

The kinetics and product selectivity of electrocatalytic reactions depend on interfacial hydration, probing hydration structures alongside reaction intermediates and products is challenging. Now it has been shown that carbonates structure interfacial water during CO₂ electroreduction and exist in equilibrium with their radicals, which serve various roles during the electrochemical processes.

Intracortical microstimulation can elicit artificial sensations in persons who have lost sensation due to neurological injury or disease. This Review discusses intracortical microstimulation mechanisms, explores emerging approaches and notes challenges to current technologies.

Biexciton complexes in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides have unusually large binding energies. Here, the authors explore biexciton formation dynamics in monolayer MoSe₂ in the presence of magnetic fields up to 25 T.

GdRu₂Si₂ can host magnetic skyrmions, however, it does not have inversion symmetry breaking, a feature usually assumed necessary for skyrmion formation. Using scanning tunnelling microscopy, the authors visualise the double-Q structure in the itinerant electrons that mediate the skyrmion formation.

Zhang, Lahry, Cipurko et al. show that the microbial metabolites queuine and preQ₁ modify the same host tRNA. PreQ₁-tRNA reduces cell proliferation, slows tumour growth, decreases the translation of ribosomal proteins and is cleaved by IRE1 on the ER ribosome.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.

EchoNext, a deep learning model for electrocardiograms trained and validated in diverse health systems, successfully detects many forms of structural heart disease, supporting the potential of artificial intelligence to expand access to heart disease screening at scale.

Combining liquid crystals and nanocrystals functionalized with promesogenic ligands yields an interstitial colloidal solid solution exhibiting high thermal expansivity and reversible superlattice phase transitions driven by mesogen diffusion.

How do bacteria control formate flow, essential for microbial life? Researchers detected specialized molecular checkpoints that fine-tune small-molecule transport by combining cryo-electron microscopy with in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches.

Atomic-resolution microscopy and AI reveal how metallic nanowires grow inside carbon nanotubes through atom-by-atom wetting, advancing understanding of how next-generation materials can be synthesized from the atomic scale up.

Turley and colleagues find that Gremlin1-expressing lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells support dendritic cell homeostasis via provision of FLT3L.

The ability to transfer quantum information from a memory to a flying qubit is important for building quantum networks. The very fast release of a multiphoton state in a microwave cavity memory into propagating modes is demonstrated.

Single atoms on a surface can be useful in spintronics applications, but their spin lifetime is limited by relaxation. By cleverly employing an STM tip, one can probe the spin dynamics and disentangle different effects leading to relaxation.

Confidence is key to decision-making, but the dynamics of confidence formation remain elusive. We show that neural populations in parietal cortex reflect the parallel processes of forming a decision and confidence in the decision.

Scaling Si spin qubits relies on the uniform control of qubit-host interactions. This work finds correlations in qubit energy levels across a manufactured device arising from placement of Ge in the quantum well, consistent with atomistic modeling.

Human challenge studies with SARS-CoV-2 have shown changes in the innate and adaptive immune response. Here the authors are examining potential correlates of infection in virus challenged recipients by assessing baseline immune parameters and how this predicts virus control.

Processes to destroy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can produce gas-phase and aerosol-phase products of incomplete destruction (PIDs), which are often overlooked. This Review outlines PFAS destruction technologies and explores approaches to detect associated PID emissions, providing frameworks to evaluate and mitigate potential risks to human and environmental health.

Paramagnetic heterometallic rings have long been considered as possible qubits within a quantum information processing system. Here, the authors employ supramolecular chemistry to fabricate multiple rings around multi-armed threads, as an important step towards generating useful qubit arrays.

The bacterial ubiquitin ligase NleL evades host defence mechanisms both by inhibiting pyroptosis and by preventing infected intestinal epithelial cells from being extruded into the lumen and expelled in the faeces.

In this study, the authors generated iPSC lines from more than 100 sporadic ALS cases, which recapitulated key disease phenotypes and enabled large-scale drug screening, identifying a promising combination therapy of baricitinib, memantine and riluzole.

Field-effect transistors based on semiconductor nanocrystals are promising candidates for low-cost, flexible electronics. This work demonstrates fabrication on flexible substrates and low-voltage operations of integrated circuits based on nanocrystal transistors, including amplifiers and ring oscillators.

Using a trapped-ion quantum simulator of up to 50 spins, researchers explore new universal scaling laws in non-equilibrium dynamics, revealing unique critical behaviors following a sequence of quenches in a long-range 1D Ising model.

The host microbiome may influence asthma susceptibility differently across diverse geographic or ethnic populations. Here the authors perform a microbiome study of asthma in US Hispanic/Latino adults and evaluate the influence of obesity and genetic factors on the relationship between microbiome characteristics and asthma.

Liquid crystals (LC) are promising materials for the fabrication of reconfigurable arrays of 2D nanomaterials but it remains difficult to achieve stable dispersions of nanomaterials. Here, the authors report on good dispersions of pristine CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) in LCs, and reversible, rapid control of their alignment and associated anisotropic photoluminescence using a magnetic field.

The pattern of heat flow across the core–mantle boundary results in longitudinal differences in geomagnetic field behaviour, according to geodynamo modelling.

The authors measure picosecond spin pumping in FeRh as a function of temperature by optical pump-THz emission spectroscopy. In the antiferromagnetic phase of FeRh enhanced spin pumping above the value measured in the ferromagnetic phase is observed.

Over the past 30 years, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (NSMB) has covered an enormous breadth of subjects in the broad field of molecular and structural biology. Here, some of the journal’s past and present editors recount their editorial experience at NSMB and some of the more memorable papers they worked on.

Volcanic eruptions are often preceded by long-period seismic events that were thought to be generated by the resonance of cracks filled with magmatic fluid. Analysis and modelling of long-period seismicity at volcanoes in Italy, Costa Rica and Peru shows that it could instead be caused by slow rupture along faults in the upper volcanic edifice.

The recently discovered spin-triplet superconductor UTe₂ is found to display a number of other ‘re-entrant’ superconducting phases under ultrahigh magnetic fields.

The ability to assemble weakly-interacting subsystems is a prerequisite for implementing quantum-information processing. In recent years, molecular nanomagnets have been proposed as suitable candidates for qubit encoding and manipulation, with antiferromagnetic Cr₇Ni rings of particular interest. It has now been shown that such rings can be chemically linked to each other and the coupling between their spins tuned through the choice of chemical linker.

RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 are AAA+ ATPases that are involved in transcriptional regulation. Here, the authors discover that RUVBL1/2 regulation of KLF5 modulates both classical and basal-like transcriptional lineage programs in pancreatic cancer.

A connectome of the right optic lobe from a male fruitfly is presented together with an extensive collection of genetic drivers matched to a comprehensive neuron-type catalogue.

Veselago lensing is the focussing of a diverging beam upon entering a medium with negative refractive index. Using a bichromatic optical lattice potential, Leder et al.create a relativistic dispersion relation for cold rubidium atoms that allows them to demonstrate Veselago lensing for matter waves.

Researchers identify the cancer drug LY2090314 as a potent inhibitor of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium and report the first crystal structure of the parasite kinase TgGSK3 bound to it, validating TgGSK3 as a therapeutic target.

Direct wavefront sensing with laser ‘guide stars’ is used in astronomy and microscopy to correct for optical aberrations. Wang et al.use near-infrared guide stars to extend this approach to the highly scattering mouse brain, allowing high-resolution fluorescence imaging at 700μm depth.

In situ3D visualization of sodium-ion battery processes is challenging due to the highly active sodium metal and the sluggish kinetics. Here, the authors present a X-ray tomography technique, which enables tracking the sodiation–desodiation process of a Sn anode in battery operation.

Spatiotemporal phase evolution during transformations impacts materials performance in many systems. Here the authors use lithium iron phosphate particles inside a custom-designed battery to characterize in three dimensions the two-phase configuration at various states of charge via X-ray tomography.

Mitochondria contribute to metabolic adaptation in cells exposed to environmental challenges. Here, the authors identify a signaling cascade that regulates the lifespan of mitochondrial mutant animals grown on distinct diets.

The copper(I)-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition is arguably the most prolific and powerful example of the click reaction paradigm. Here, photochemical reduction of Cu(II) allows spatial and temporal control over the reaction for small-molecule synthesis, patterning of hydrogel formation and the in situ labelling of gels, with features as small as 25 micrometres being produced.

Vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 currently spreads similarly to historical poliovirus—unidirectionally across neighbouring countries at a median velocity of 2.3 km per day. International borders are associated with slower velocity when immunity is high.

De novo structural variants are an important cause of rare disorders but remain poorly understood. Here, the authors analyse over 12,000 families and reveal the prevalence, diversity, and clinical impact of complex de novo structural variants.

Phosphorene nanoribbons demonstrate extraordinary magnetic properties, ranging from large internal fields in films to macroscopic alignment in solution, which can be coupled to photoexcitations that localize to the magnetic edge of these ribbons.