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The piston-like, translational motion of a molecular shuttle — a process that is fundamental to many mechanically interlocked molecular switches and machines — has now been demonstrated to occur inside the highly organized and dense structure (containing approximately 10²¹ shuttles per cm³) of a metal–organic framework material.

Techniques to perform long-term recordings of brain activity from different areas are key to investigating many processes. Here, the authors introduce a tentacular implant with many independent fibers to track neuronal ensembles spanning multiple brain areas for months.

An approach combining bioorthogonal chemistry with genetically encoded fluorogen-activating proteins enables subcellular imaging of phospholipids and glycans, as well as the visualization of lipid transport between organelles and lipid asymmetry across membrane leaflets.

In this work, authors show that the nucleoside prodrug obeldesivir has potent antiviral activity across respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) clinical isolates with a high resistance barrier. Once-daily obeldesivir treatment was efficacious against RSV in a non-human primate model.

By developing a functional nuclear import system and correlative imaging workflow, this study reveals that HIV-1 nuclear entry relies on the elasticity of both the viral capsid and the nuclear pore to enable the selective passage of small HIV-1 cores.

DNA data storage is a potential alternative to magnetic tape for archival storage purposes, promising substantial gains in information density. Here the authors investigate the susceptibility of DNA-encoded data to particle radiation damage by neutron irradiation and computational modeling, showing that particle radiation is not a significant contributor to data loss under typical storage conditions.

The aspartate aminotransaminase GOT1 is important for maintaining redox balance. Here, the authors show that inhibition of GOT1 in pancreatic cancer cells leads to cell death via ferroptosis.

Serial Lift-Out creates a series of lamellae from one lift-out volume for cryo-ET, increasing the ease and throughput of cryo-lift-out and enabling the study of molecular anatomy in multicellular systems including C. elegans larvae.

Maternal glucose levels during pregnancy can affect the metabolic health of a developing fetus, both early on and later in life. Here, the authors reveal that genetic variants in several regulatory elements alter glucose homeostasis during pregnancy by reducing the expression of a novel hexokinase gene, HKDC1.

The authors discuss the dysregulated host response in sepsis and the use of biomarkers to gauge the immunological status of patients and potentially guide precision medicine. They also highlight potential immunomodulatory therapies for sepsis and discuss the future of sepsis clinical trials.

How PDZD8 acted in Mitochondria-ER contact formation was unclear. Here, the authors show that binding to mitochondrial FKBP8 slows PDZD8’s rapid motion, enhancing contacts and mitochondrial complexity.

Reduced fitness of the tumor microenvironment is mediated by a long non-coding RNA expressed in tumors.

The utility of AsCas12a can be limited to poor editing efficiency. Here the authors identify a variant, “AsCas12a Ultra”, that has high on-target specificity demonstrated through editing of clinically relevant T cell genes.

SpaceX’s Inspiration4 mission sent an all-civilian crew into orbit to study physiological, neurovestibular and neurocognitive changes in the astronauts and found that short-duration civilian space missions do not pose a major health risk.

Axons have always been assumed to be cylindrical. Using in silico modeling and cryopreservation of tissues, Griswold et al. demonstrate that unmyelinated axons of the mammalian central nervous system exhibit pearls-on-a-string morphology through their entire length.

Multiple omics platforms and deep single-cell profiling in the I4 astronauts reveal both conserved and distinct immune system disruptions across missions, provide a single-cell immune reference for future missions.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) influence host-pathogen interactions, but EV biogenesis in gram-positive bacteria remains elusive. Here authors characterize EVs from Staphylococcus aureus and show that phenol-soluble modulins and autolysins promote EV biogenesis by disrupting the membrane and cell wall.

Quiescent populations are a likely key source of treatment resistance in glioblastoma. Here, the authors characterize KAT5 as a critical mediator of quiescence and adoption of progenitor-like states.

Here the authors provide the biospecimen collection methodology from the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission, including venous blood, capillary blood, saliva, urine, stool, skin biopsy, body swab, and environmental swab samples.

Being able to perform qubit measurements within a quantum circuit and adapt to their outcome broadens the power of quantum computers. These mid-circuit measurements have now been used to implement a cryptographic proof of non-classical behaviour.

The role of glioma cellular metabolism in response to oncolytic herpes virus (oHSV) therapy remains to be studied. Here the authors report that oHSV induces metabolic reprogramming in IDH wildtype glioma cells, leading to ferroptosis and anti-tumor immune response. Pharmacological blockade of mutant IDH enhances glioma cell sensitivity to oHSV therapy.

Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the overproduction of oxalate in the liver alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in male mice.

Hyperspectral reporter genes allow imaging of ground bacteria from aerial vehicles

Dramatic innovations in surface and bulk chemistry enable MXenes to flourish in electrochemical applications. This Review analyses the recorded footprints of MXene components for energy storage, with particular attention paid to a coherent understanding of the fundamental relationship between MXene components and their qualified roles from a nuanced chemical perspective.

Grant Stewart, Andrew Jackson, Christopher Mathew, Fowzan Alkuraya and colleagues identify a novel replication fork protein, DONSON, which is important for maintaining genome stability. Mutations in DONSON cause microcephalic dwarfism and lead to stalled replication forks and DNA damage.

Phosphate storage in foraminifera is found to be widespread, indicating that these organisms are probably relevant for marine phosphorus cycling and potentially buffer anthropogenic eutrophication in coastal environments.

The relationships that control seed production in trees are key to understand evolutionary pressures that have shaped forests. A global synthesis of fecundity data reveals that while seed production is not constrained by a strict size-number trade-off, it is influenced by taxonomy and nutrient allocation.

Here, Kropp et al. use cryo-electron microscopy and structural modeling to show that the enzyme [MoCu]-CO dehydrogenase interacts with its partner, the membrane-bound quinone-binding protein CoxG, to facilitate electron transfer from atmospheric CO oxidation to the respiratory chain. This interaction is conserved across diverse bacteria and archaea.

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP and is an important source for cellular energy equivalents. Here the authors perform a cell-based screen to identify genes that alleviate perturbed mitochondrial complex I function and identify malic enzyme (ME-1), which promotes survival by production of NADPH and glutathione.

The blooming alga Emiliania huxleyi and its viruses are a model for density-dependent virulent dynamics. However, Knowles et al. show that this host–virus system exhibits temperate dynamics at natural host densities, in a manner dependent on host physiology.

Compulsive alcohol drinking is a core feature of alcohol use disorder. Here the authors find that in rodents, neural signals in a key decision-making brain region (dmPFC) shift from behavioral control to alcohol seeking during compulsive alcohol drinking behaviour.

A population of tumour-specific PD1⁺TCF1⁺ CD4 T cells in tumour-draining lymph nodes is capable of self-renewal and differentiation into CD4 effector cells, thereby controlling CD8 T cell activity.

A chemical screen identifies DHODH inhibitors as robust activators of mitochondrial respirasome assembly. Lipidomics reveal that peroxisomal-derived ether phospholipids accumulate in mitochondria during nucleotide deprivation to drive proliferation.

An intercomparison exercise reassesses mass loss from glaciers worldwide based on the main in situ and satellite methods from 2000 to 2023; the results are consistent with previous assessments and provide a refined and comprehensive observational baseline for future impact and modelling studies.

Here the authors profile skin microenvironment changes in response to spaceflight by performing a multi omics analysis using skin punch biopsies from the crew members of SpaceX Inspiration4 mission comparing before, post launch and one day after return 91 of the 3-day mission.

Here the authors identify the transcription factor MEF2C as essential for human NK cell function and viral immunity in mice and humans. This control is exerted via regulation of lipid metabolism, and deficiency in MEF2C can be overcome by oleic acid supplementation.

This study shows that a multitrophic community model jointly recapitulates diel rhythms in abundances of Prochlorococcus picocyanobacteria, as well as viral infection, viral abundances and grazer abundances. Model-data integration implies that grazing predominantly controls Prochlorococcus abundances in surface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, despite high viral densities.

Prioritising genes as potential drug targets is challenging and often unsuccessful once testing efficacy in humans. Here, the authors propose an approach to identifying drug targets that uses evidence from gain- or loss-of-function mutations associated with bidirectional effects on phenotypes.

Using a model of time-restricted feeding in mice, Levine et al. show that the hepatic NADH cycle links nutrient state to whole-body energetics through the rhythmic regulation of SIRT1.

2,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid has potential to be a precursor to a range of industrially important products, however a natural metabolic pathway for its synthesis does not exist. Here the authors rationally design a synthetic pathway inE. coliby engineering enzymes from malate metabolism.

Mutations in the CHKB gene cause muscular dystrophy. Here, the authors show that in mouse models of the disease changes in lipid metabolism are associated with decreased PPAR signaling, and show PPAR agonists can rescue expression of injury markers in myocytes in vitro.