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The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.

The sign of the Casimir force depends on the electric permittivities and the magnetic permeabilities of the materials involved. For a gold sphere immersed in a ferrofluid, tuneability of the Casimir force by means of a magnetic field is now shown.

Large-scale 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that spider gut microbiota assembly is predominantly driven by stochastic processes but regulated by foraging strategies and geographic factors.

An artificial ligament replacement is made from aligned carbon nanotubes formed into hierarchical helical fibres with nanometre and micrometre channels which are demonstrated for the replacement of anterior cruciate ligaments in both rabbit and ovine models, showing strong integration and functional recovery.

ER stress is associated with the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and new CKD therapies are needed. Here the authors show that expression of Rtn1 can control severity of renal disease and that inhibition of its expression can attenuate ER stress and CKD.

The complex interactions arising in mixtures of bosons and fermions make it hard to understand their coupled dynamics. The collective oscillations of fermions embedded in a boson condensate have now been characterized in an ultracold-atom experiment.

This study reveals that a fungal apoplastic effector dampens plant immunity by disrupting the N-glycosylation of a cell-surface immune receptor, thereby promoting its autophagy-mediated degradation and providing insights into plant–pathogen interactions.

Structural variants (SVs) in human genomes contribute diversity and diseases. Here, the authors use a multi-platform strategy to generate haplotype-resolved SVs for three human parent–child trios.

Macrophages are abundant in the microenvironment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, the authors use spatial transcriptomics to characterize macrophages in DLBCL and reactive lymphoid tissues, and propose six spatially-derived macrophage signatures that are associated with features like cell of origin and clinical outcomes.

Methanol on under-coordinated Pt sites at surface Te vacancies on layered PtTe2 decomposes at a probability >90 % which ultimately produces gaseous molecular hydrogen, methane, water and formaldehyde.

In three-dimensional metals, topological objects known as Weyl nodes can arise from a crossing of the conduction and valence bands. Experiments under high magnetic fields show how Weyl nodes of opposite chiralities can move together to annihilate.

Hong Kong experienced a severe wave of SARS-CoV-2 in early 2022. Here, the authors use genomic and serosurveillance data and show that this wave was dominated by the Omicron BA.2 sublineage, and that low protective immunity, particularly in older age groups, contributed to its severity.

This Review discusses multiomic approaches for the characterization and biological understanding of cellular senescence, including detailed case studies on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that highlight current outstanding issues in the field.

The increase in detoxification gene expression is a common transcriptome marker for longevity interventions. Here, the authors show that nomilin extends lifespan and healthspan in animals through activation of PXR regulated detoxification functions.

Two quantum point contacts are used to respectively inject and detect spins by purely electrical means in an all-semiconductor spin transistor.

Components for flexible electronics capable of both bending and stretching have been reported but the fabrication of similarly pliable power sources remains challenging. Here, the authors present stretchable lithium ion batteries exploiting segmented layouts and deformable electrical interconnects.

Andrew Morris, Mark McCarthy, Michael Boehnke and colleagues report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for type 2 diabetes, including 26,488 cases and 83,964 controls from populations of European, east Asian, south Asian and Mexican and Mexican American ancestry. They identify seven loci newly associated with type 2 diabetes and examine the genetic architecture of disease across populations.

Leptin can rescue hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms for this effect are not clear. Here, the authors report that leptin action is mediated by inhibition of the heightened activity of arcuate GABA neurons in murine models of type 1 diabetes through restoring nutrient sensing.

HIV infection is often associated with severe nephropathy, including renal fibrosis. John He and his colleagues have used a systems biology approach in a mouse model of HIV infection to identify the key factors involved in this process, thus identifying the kinase HIPK2 as one such factor. They also show that HIPK2 genetic deletion prevented renal fibrosis in two other mouse models, suggesting this kinase has a general role in the fibrotic process.

A synthesis of global change experiments that manipulated temperature, precipitation, carbon dioxide or nitrogen identifies a need to consider site-specific factors and interactions in Earth system models.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Alzheimer’s disease is heterogeneous in its neuroimaging and clinical phenotypes. Here the authors present a semi-supervised deep learning method, Smile-GAN, to show four neurodegenerative patterns and two progression pathways providing prognostic and clinical information.