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Cross-linkable co-SAMs improve hole-selective SAM stability, preventing defects and thermal degredation in perovskite solar cells, enabling 26.92% efficiency with high heat durability, and guiding the design of more efficient and durable solar cells.

The upscaling of kesterite photovoltaics is challenging and results in low performance. Xiang et al. tune the thiourea/metal precursor ratio to improve the morphology of the kesterite film, achieving 10.1% certified power conversion efficiency in 10.48-cm² modules.

Gong et al. report an all-perovskite photovoltaic-powered battery using ethyl viologen diiodide and its derivative to modify the perovskite solar cell and the battery cathode, enabling an overall energy conversion efficiency of 18.54%. The flexible version powers a wearable glucose monitor for 24 h.

Growing use of ionizing radiation in medicine and industry has increased risk of radiation exposure and injury. Here, Deng et al. utilize molecular engineering of melanin to develop a panel of metal-free melanin materials for shielding against γ-ray radiation.

While the ligand coordination microenvironment surrounding catalytic centres influences reactivity, dynamic oxygen reconstruction during water oxidation electrocatalysis complicates structure-based mechanistic insights. Now the in situ formation of lattice O–O ligands has been shown to activate Fe centres in metal oxides and hydroxides, thereby enhancing their oxygen evolution reaction activity.

This study presents a non-contrast MRI technique to map venous perfusion dynamics and territories in the brain. This method shows sensitivity to global perfusion changes due to caffeine and specificity to local changes induced by neural activation.

Siltartoxatug, a first-in-class recombinant monoclonal antibody for tetanus prophylaxis, was shown to be safe and superior to plasma-derived human tetanus immunoglobulin in achieving anti-tetanus neutralizing antibody titers 12 hours after administration.

Understanding the local microenvironment is crucial yet challenging for catalyst design. Here, the authors demonstrate that the nanoconfined environment of carbon nanotubes enriches CO and induces structural deformation in cobalt phthalocyanine, thereby promoting CO₂ electroreduction to methanol.

Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters are much more likely to produce viable metastasis than single CTCs. Here the authors find that the transmembrane protein Plexin-B2 (PLXNB2) mediates homotypic and heterotypic CTC cluster formation, driving lung metastasis in breast cancer mouse models.

A new p-type small molecule enhances defect passivation and improves interfacial charge transport in perovskite solar cells, enabling devices with a certified power conversion efficiency of 26.72%, 97% of which is maintained after 2,500 h of continuous operation.

Phenolic compounds have long captivated the interest of organic synthesis, particularly in their quest for selective hydroxylation of arenes using H₂O as a hydroxyl source but the inherent high reactivity and low redox potential of phenols often lead to undesirable overoxidation byproducts. Here the authors develop an electrophotochemical approach, finetuning substrate oxidative potential and enabling para-selective hydroxylation of anilides.

Mass balance measurements from inland East Antarctica suggest a negative trend in surface mass balance from 2005 to 2020, probably associated with enhanced zonal winds.

The optical trapping of ultracold atoms allows for the simulation and controlled exploration of phenomena normally found in condensed matter systems. Here, the authors demonstrate spin–orbit coupling between lattice band pseudospins in a Bose-Einstein condensate of ultracold atoms.

Dense atomic-scale 2D/2D Schottky heterojunctions are achieved in the graphene-based superlattice nanocomposites by controlled deintercalation, largely facilitating spatial charge separation that optimizes their microwave-absorbing performance.

An ideal thermoelectric material has a large Seebeck coefficient, and a high electrical but low thermal conductivity; however, optimizing all three is difficult. Zhao et al. discover three types of coexisting multi-localization transport behaviours in filled skutterudite materials that aid this optimization.

Realizing organic p–n junctions based on ordered crystalline materials with dimensions comparable to the exciton diffusion length of most organic semiconductors remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a strategy to form molecular monolayer crystal-based p–n junctions with thickness below 5 nm.

Cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate is found to be a second messenger in eukaryotic cells that is generated by adenylate cyclase 7 and connects Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation to nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat protein 3 inflammasome activation.

Calcium-ion batteries are potentially attractive alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, but remain largely unexplored because of low performance. A reversible calcium alloying/de-alloying reaction with the tin anode has now been coupled with the intercalation/de-intercalation of hexafluorophosphate in the graphite cathode to enable a calcium-ion battery that operates stably at room temperature.

The F + para-H₂ → HF + H reaction is an important source of HF in interstellar clouds; however, its unusually high rate and its dynamics at low temperature are not fully understood. Now, quantum-state resolved crossed-beam scattering measurements and anion photoelectron spectroscopy have revealed that this reactivity is caused by a resonance-enhanced tunnelling effect involving a post-barrier resonance state.

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions are continuously increasing owing to human activities. This Review discusses the temporal and spatial variability of N₂O sources, N₂O production pathways, and the potential of biogeoengineering strategies in agricultural soils and terrestrial water bodies to mitigate emissions.

The large organic cations in low-dimensional perovskite often introduces carrier mobility anisotropy and impedes charge transport. Here, authors report perovskite heterojunction with strong aromatic conjugated perovskites, realizing certified efficiency of over 25% in stable perovskite solar cells.

Pure CuInSe₂ solar cells suffer from strong interfacial carrier recombination. Here, the authors introduce a wide U-shaped double Ga grading with a minimum bandgap of 1.01 eV and achieve certified device efficiency of 20.26%, making it highly suitable for tandem solar cell applications.

Tea is an important beverage crop with a large and heterozygous genome. Here, the authors assemble the genome of the cultivar Longjing 43 and conduct a population genetics study to reveal divergent selection for disease resistance and flavor between the two variety groups.

Dislocation engineering is important for designing structural materials. Here the authors demonstrate that a high-entropy oxide ceramic with a high density of edge dislocations can be stabilized by increasing the compositional complexity, resulting in enhanced fracture toughness.

This genome-wide association study on persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among Chinese confirms previously associated genetic loci while discovering a novel protective locus at 8p21.3. The study also demonstrates the nearby gene INST10 suppresses HBV replication in vitro.

Carnosine is a mobile buffering metabolite. Here the authors link carnosine accumulation, hypoxia and intracellular pH homeostasis in cancer cells as a mechanism of tumor immune evasion via NFX1 degradation and galectin-9 activity.

A comprehensive pangenome map of 22 elite tea cultivars unveils genetic variants that influence flavour, leaf colour and bud flush timing, facilitating our understanding of the molecular basis of tea quality and genomics-assisted breeding.

Neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus are involved in the absorption of fat in the intestine, and the natural compound puerarin shows utility in modulating this brain–gut axis to reduce fat absorption.

Improving the manufacturability of perovskite solar cells is key to their deployment. Zheng et al. report a one-step deposition of the hole-selective and absorber layers that addresses wettability issues and simplifies the fabrication process.

Cold atom systems are a playground for new quantum phenomena, one of which might be Majorana fermions – particles that are their own antiparticles. Qu et al. show how a topological superfluid with Fulde–Ferrell pairing might emerge in a spin–orbit-coupled degenerate gas, which could support Majorana fermions.

Using intracranial recordings in pairs of humans cooperating in interactive games, this study shows fine-grained cooperation dynamics featured by state-dependent motives and the intrabrain and interbrain profiles of high-gamma activity in the amygdala and temporoparietal junction.

Designing an efficient activation function for optical neural networks remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a modulator-detector-in-one graphene/silicon heterojunction ring resonators enabling on-chip reconfigurable activation function devices with phase activation capability for optical neural networks.

Interpretable machine learning offers a powerful method for accelerating catalyst design. Here the authors report an interpretable descriptor model to unify activity and selectivity prediction for multiple electrocatalysis using only easily accessible intrinsic properties.

Probing the interfacial structure of catalysts under CO₂ electrolysis is crucial. Here, the authors report a well-defined bimetallic silver-copper heterostructure to unravel an intermediate-regulated interfacial restructuring behavior, which promotes CO₂ electroreduction to multi-carbon products.

A MoO₃-Fe₂O₃ redox catalyst with dispersed Mo species on γ-Fe₂O₃ is synthesized for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane via chemical looping. Acid sites and lattice oxygen regulation promote the production of and selectivity for propylene.

The mechanism of how interfacial wettability impacts the CO₂ electcgq Herein, the authors describe the design and realization of controllable equilibrium of kinetic controlled *CO and *H to reveal its contribution to ethylene and ethanol pathways.

Stripe rust is one of the most destructive wheat diseases. Here, Zheng and colleagues report a draft genome sequence of wheat stripe rust fungus, generated using a fosmid-to-fosmid approach, and provide insight into its race evolution and pathogenesis.