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Mercury’s exosphere is known to predominately contain hydrogen, helium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, and manganese. Here, the authors show evidence of the presence of lithium (Li) in the exosphere of Mercury, most likely originating from meteoroids.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive T-cell lymphoma often with poor prognosis. To identify genes defining ALCL cell state and dependencies, the authors here characterize ALCL-specific super-enhancers and describe the BATF3/IL-2R−module as a therapeutic opportunity for ALCL.

A secreted protein effector from the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae has bactericidal properties. It allows the pathogen to modify the root microbiome in tomato and cotton, specifically eliminating plant-protective bacteria, to increase its own virulence.

FCH domain only 1 (FCHO1) is a key molecule involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Here, the authors report homozygous FCHO1 mutations in individuals with variable T and B cell lymphopenia, which are associated with loss-of-function of FCHO1 and impaired formation of clathrin-coated pits in T cells.

In this paper and the related paper from Lugli and colleagues the authors show that high levels of NaCl inside the tumor have a beneficial effect on CD8⁺ T cells and their ability to control tumor growth as a result of enhanced T cell receptor activity.

Here the authors demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is subject to redox regulation in vitro, reversibly switching between the enzymatically active dimer and the functionally dormant monomer through redox modifications of cysteine residues.

Altered pre-mRNA splicing frequently causes disease, yet how sequence variants alter splicing remains enigmatic. Here the authors use deep indel mutagenesis and deep learning tools to reveal the regulatory architecture of human exons and identify splicing-modulating antisense oligonucleotides.

Acquired resistance to immunomodulatory drugs is common in multiple myeloma patients, but rarely attributed to genetic alterations. Here, proteomic, phosphoproteomic and RNA sequencing analysis in five paired pre-treatment and relapse samples reveals a CDK6-regulated protein resistance signature.

Blood and lymphatic vessels bear a strong resemblance but do not share a lumen, thus maintaining their distinct functions. Here, the authors describe that Folliculin, a tumor suppressor, prevents the fusion of these vessels during development by limiting the plasticity of venous and lymphatic endothelial cells.

Survival outcomes in Burkitt lymphoma differ between adult and paediatric patients. Here, the authors show differences in mutational frequencies between age groups, and a transition between mutational profiles which occurs between 25 and 40 years.

Subfemtosecond selective breaking of chemical bonds—such as carbon-hydrogen bonds in organic molecules—can open up new routes for laser-driven synthesis. Here, the authors show directional control of proton ejection in a symmetric acetylene molecule.

Among the first-row p-block elements that can form neutral triple-bonded species (boron, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen), all combinations have been realized except that of boron and carbon. Here the synthesis of a neutral, uncoordinated boryne is described, closing the remaining gap in neutral first-row p-block compounds with triple bonds.

Laser-induced electron diffraction can provide structural information on gas-phase molecules with high spatial and temporal resolution. Going beyond previous diatomic cases, Pullen et al.apply this approach to acetylene and show that it can be used to measure bond lengths for polyatomic molecules.

Screening commercial kinase inhibitors for antibacterial activity identified the anticancer drug sorafenib as a major hit. Subsequent structure–activity optimization created a new antibacterial analogue with high potency against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including challenging persisters and biofilms, as well as demonstrating efficacy in an in vivo mouse model. The mode of action involves stimulation of protein secretion and inhibition of menaquinone biosynthesis.

Inspired by the alternating chirality backbone pattern of some effective peptide antimicrobials, here authors design lysine-rich heterochiral peptides that show antimicrobial activity.

A diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries provides health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

NADP(H) is a crucial cofactor, acting as a reducing agent in numerous pathways in living organisms. Here the authors report a ratiometric biosensor named NERNST, which can be used to estimate the NADP(H) redox status in bacterial, plant and animal cells and organelles.

Fatty acid unsaturation by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) protects against cellular stress through unclear mechanisms. Here the authors show 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-myo-inositol) is an SCD1-derived signaling lipid that regulates stress-adaption, protects against cell death and promotes proliferation.

NK-cell and γδ-T cell lymphoma share clinic-pathological features; however the driving mutations are largely unknown. Here the authors, using a combination of RNA-Seq analysis, targeted re-sequencing and functional analysis, identify frequent activating mutations in STAT3 and STAT5Bthat may be driver mutations in these diseases.

Corticosteroid therapy is frequently used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but its use is associated with increased risk of pneumonia. Here the authors show that corticosteroid use impairs innate and adaptive immunity to rhinovirus infection, which is restored by exogenous IFNβ.

The human neuropeptide Y receptor Y₂ (Y₂R) is a drug target for the treatment of obesity and anxiety. Crystal structure of Y₂R bound to a selective antagonist and accompanying mutagenesis provide insights into ligand recognition and subtype specificity of NPY receptors.

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is known to regulate p53 signaling and this has mainly been linked to peripheral NPC subunits. Here the authors show that Nup155 from the NPC inner ring regulates the p53 pathway by controlling p21 translation while also being a target of p53-mediated repression.

Animal lifespan is plastic and is regulated by conserved signalling pathways. Here, Tikuet al.show that longevity-enhancing mutations or interventions are associated with reduced nucleolar size in worms, flies, mice and humans, and that nucleolar size can predict life-expectancy in individual worms.

The Asian black-spined toad is a widespread, poisonous, invasive amphibian. Here, the authors use genomic and DNA-barcoding data from this toad to document its complex evolutionary history, two distinct species, and potential historic dispersal assisted by humans.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) lacks effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, in particular at advanced stages. Here, the authors show that expression of the somatostatin receptor 2 is induced by Epstein-Barr virus in NPC and has a key role in the diagnosis, imaging, targeted therapies and prognosis of NPC.

Spin-crossover compounds are molecular switches with functional high- and low-spin states. Here, the authors present an iron(III) complex that additionally also allows for continuous population of both states at low temperatures.

Epilepsy is a chronic, heterogeneous disease with an urgent need for novel therapies. Here, the authors show a systematic comparison of the global molecular signature of refractory epilepsies elucidating the key mechanisms of the disease pathology.

The study of main group complexes remains important to our fundamental understanding of main group element bonding and properties. Here the authors isolate and spectroscopically characterize a series of 8-coordinated alkaline earth metal–dinitrogen complexes M(N₂)₈ (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) in a low-temperature neon matrix.

Dou, Xiao, Shen, Wang et al. show that RBFOX2 recognizes m⁶A on chromatin-associated RNAs and recruits RBM15, YTHDC1 and PRC2 to facilitate transcription suppression. Inhibition of the axis exerts anti-leukaemic effects.

Data on the richness and composition of the skin microbiome from 2,349 individual amphibians, representing 205 species across a broad geographic range, is compared with local biotic and abiotic environmental factors.

MYCN amplification is common in neuroblastomas. Here the authors analyse the MYCN amplicon structure and its epigenetic regulation by integrating short- and longread genomic and epigenomic data and find two classes of MYCN amplicons in neuroblastomas, one driven by local enhancers and the other by hijacking of distal regulatory elements.

Biodiversity often increases the functioning and productivity of ecosystems or communities. This work shows that such a positive diversity effect, namely overyielding in mixtures of two divergent Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes, can be genetically mapped and resolved to a single gene.

While Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a common cancer affecting young adults in Western countries, its genetic basis is poorly understood. Here, the authors carry out a genome-wide association analysis in HL patients and healthy controls; identifying a new HL risk locus and implicating TCF3in the disease aetiology.

Laser-induced electron diffraction possesses sufficient resolution to resolve nuclear dynamics in molecules, but imaging was thought to depend on the orbital symmetries for the backscattering electrons. Here, the authors image the structure of randomly oriented O₂ and C₂H₂molecules and prove the contrary.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Precision measurements provide a sensitive test of fundamental constants and their uncertainties. Here the authors precisely measure the hyperfine structure splitting in bismuth ions, and report significant discrepancy with the theoretical prediction of quantum electrodynamics.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been linked with substantive inflammation, lung pathology and development of COVID-19. Here the authors spatially associate CCL18 and CCL21 in distinct tissue niches with lung pathology of severe COVID-19.

This study investigated how ecological mechanisms and large-scale oceanic current systems shape prokaryotic microbial community patterns. They show that prokaryotic communities in the upper 200 m of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, the southern Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea have a modular structure of co-occurring taxa with similar environmental preferences.

It is generally thought that complement activation in human membranous nephropathy (MN) occurs predominantly via the lectin or alternative pathway. Here, the authors show that the classical pathway is the dominant form of complement activation in MN and a pathogenic driver of the disease.

Modelling of the evolution of atmospheric methane emissions from the 2022 Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks shows that the event emitted the largest recorded amount of methane from a single transient event.

Meiosis is a cell division program that produces haploid gametes and is initiated by a retinoic acid-dependent process. Here the authors report that a meiosis-specific protein, MEIOC, is upregulated in a retinoic acid-independent manner and is required to stabilise meiosis-specific transcripts.

The role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in modulating gene expression in cancer remains to be investigated. Here, the authors perform whole transcriptome sequencing in 104 primary neuroblastomas and reveal the involvement of MYCN in regulating circRNAs.