Search

Using multiplexed spatially resolved transcriptomic approaches, the authors generate a topographic atlas of the healthy adult lung with location-related gene expression variability or neighbourhood changes as exemplified by COPD patient sample analysis.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

This study investigates the effects of forestation on temperature in Europe using climate model experiments. The findings indicate that conversion from coniferous to broadleaved trees in currently forested areas can provide cooling for summer hot extremes.

Adoptive regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy holds promise for the treatment of a range of immunopathological conditions. Here the authors explore the HLA engineering of allogenic Treg products that avoid T cell and NK cell attack and maintain immunomodulatory function in a human skin-xenograft model.

The construction of minimal metabolic networks contributes to our understanding of metabolism and biotechnological processes. Here, Jansen et al. have defined a class of genes that must be retained to ensure cell viability and rapid growth.

Here, Heitmann et al. report results from a Phase I/II trial evaluating CoVac-1, a peptide-based T-cell activator, in patients with B-cell deficiency, demonstrating potent induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses along with a favorable safety profile.

Indonesian cattle are unique due to their history of admixture involving both zebu and banteng. Here, Wang et al. identify ~3.5 million novel introgressed SNP variants and provide a genomic map of banteng introgression within and across many cattle breeds, each with unique introgression histories.

The control of translation during mitosis has an important role in cancer cell biology. Here the authors report that in mitotically arrested cancer cells, redistribution of ribosomes towards upstream open reading frames results in enhanced presentation of immunogenic peptides on cancer cell surface.

During the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), electrocatalysts undergo surface transformation. The authors show that Cr dissolution in Co-Cr spinel oxide triggers reversible hydroxide-to-oxyhydroxide transformation that enhances OER activity and stability.

Adherent-invasive strains of E. coli are commonly isolated from patients with Crohn’s disease. Here, the authors show that an AIEC harbours a hybrid Type IV secretion system (T4SS) that mediates pilin polymerization and biofilm formation in vivo.

Galland et al. present soSMARt, a method for in-depth single molecule localisation microscopy using microfabricated devices, which enables single-objective light-sheet microscopy, adaptive optics correction, real-time registration, and axially extended volume reconstruction with nanometer precision.

Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a critical One Health challenge, despite research and policy progress. Building on the past decade of research, this Perspective provides an integrative roadmap for addressing antimicrobial resistance by leveraging the complexities of human and environment interactions.

Scientists disagree about area-based conservation’s role in addressing biodiversity loss. This Perspective examines how conservation scientists, land systems scientists and political ecologists approach these debates differently and argues that environmental data justice frameworks can bridge epistemic divides, helping researchers to develop more effective and equitable conservation interventions.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

The incorporation of multiple carbon labels into drug candidates is a difficult synthetic challenge. Here an operationally simple method for the preparation of multi-carbon-labelled isotopologues of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other bioactive molecules, through a combined catalytic three-gas surrogate hydroformylation strategy, is reported.

A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.

Patients with Huntington’s disease carrying the FAN1 R507H mutation have earlier than predicted onset of motoric symptoms. This study provides mechanistic insight into the interactions that may promote CAG repeat expansion. FAN1 R507 interacts with PCNA D232 and this interaction is impaired for FAN1 R507H, resulting in reduced FAN1 activity.

Psychometric network models have become increasingly popular in psychology and the social sciences. Huth et al. show that a large proportion of reported network findings are based on weak or inconclusive evidence inviting caution when interpreting results.

An electrochemical method is used to couple together two alkyl halides, enabling efficient cross-electrophile coupling of a variety of alkyl electrophiles with improved chemoselectivity compared with existing methods.

In wildlife tagging, stress from capture and handling can alter post- release behavior and potentially study interpretations. This study of 42 mammal species shows that these effects diminish within 4–7 days, and quicker for animals in high human activity areas indicating adaptation to disturbance.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Results from the randomized, noncomparative, phase 2 MATISSE trial show that ultra-short neoadjuvant therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab can prevent surgery and radiotherapy in patients with resectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, with an early decrease in total lesion glycolysis by [¹⁸F]FDG-PET/CT associated with response.

Edge states of QSHIs hold promise for future technologies due to protection against backscattering. This work observes that intraband backscattering remains allowed for nonmonotonic edge bands, revealing critical aspects of edge state stability.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

The DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion transcript is the oncogenic driver in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, a lethal disease with limited therapeutic options. Here, the authors identify the DNAJB1-PRKACA protein as a source for immunogenic neoepitopes and a potential target of T cell-based immunotherapy.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a versatile class of clinically approved drug delivery vehicles, particularly for nucleic acid cargoes, but they often suffer from instability issues. Here, the authors report that the room temperature stability of small interfering RNA LNPs formulated with unsaturated ionizable lipids can be improved by inclusion of mildly acidic, antioxidant-containing buffers.

uiPSF (universal inverse modeling of point spread functions) offers a versatile solution for inferring accurate PSF models from images of beads and blinking fluorophores, enabling improved imaging and image processing in localization microscopy.

Although metabolic reprogramming within the tumour microenvironment (TME) has been reported in breast cancer, whether and how this evolves during treatment remains unclear. Here, the authors use multiple ‘omic’ analyses to examine this question in patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

Diagnostic blood-based biomarkers of pediatric IBD are limited. Here, the authors demonstrate a diagnostic lipidomic signature, comprising only of two molecular lipids. Translation of this signature into a scalable test has the potential to support clinical decision making.

FOS has been linked to bone tumour pathogenesis, and viral homologue v-fos causes osteosarcoma in mice. Here, the authors report rearrangement of FOS and its paralogue FOSB in osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma, revealing human bone tumours that are defined by mutations of FOS and FOSB.

Alternative stable states in forests have implications for the biosphere. Here, the authors combine forest biodiversity observations and simulations revealing that leaf types across temperate regions of the NH follow a bimodal distribution suggesting signatures of alternative forest states.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Seismological and geodetic data are used together with a machine learning earthquake catalogue to reconstruct magma migration before and during the 2025 volcano–tectonic crisis at Santorini volcano, indicating a coupling between Santorini and Kolumbo.

A proteomics approach using MS2 as an RNA tag is used to provide snapshots of nascent preribosomal particles from budding yeast, thus allowing the determination of the stage-specific order in which 70 ribosome-assembly factors associate with pre-rRNA domains.

Investigation of a reaction scope usually starts with the optimization for a model substrate. Here, the authors apply a time-efficient multi-substrate screening approach to identify a general organocatalyst for the Diels–Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.

Spatial transcriptomic studies and lineage tracing reveal that, after brain injury, transient profibrotic fibroblasts develop from existing brain fibroblasts, infiltrate lesions, regulate the local immune response and lead to beneficial scar tissue formation.

Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid synthases catalyse the formation of the proline analogue azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZE) in bacteria. In this work, the authors combine structural and biochemical analyses with quantum mechanical calculations and mutagenesis studies to obtain catalytic insights into AZE synthases.

Analyses of the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017 reveal inequalities across countries as well as within populations.

Single-molecule studies allow biological processes to be examined one molecule at a time, as they occur. Here, zero-mode waveguides have been used to concentrate reactions in zeptolitre-sized volumes, making it possible to study real-time translocation by the ribosome. The binding of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to the ribosome could be followed; the results show that tRNA release from the exit site is uncoupled from tRNA binding to the aminoacyl-tRNA site.

A comparison of alpha diversity (number of plant species) and dark diversity (species that are currently absent from a site despite being ecologically suitable) demonstrates the negative effects of regional-scale anthropogenic activity on plant diversity.

Effusive volcanism dominates at water depths of 300 m or greater while phreatomagmatic Surtseyan eruptions become prevalent at shallower depths, according to analyses of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, multibeam bathymetry, and seafloor imagery.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.