The graphical abstract depicts the development of blood cell lineages under conditions of homeostasis (top, left), acute inflammation (top, right), chronic inflammation (bottom, left) or hematological malignancy (bottom, right). Arrow strength indicates preferential differentation of hematopoeitic stem cells (HSC) or their malignant counterparts (LSC; leukemic stem cells) into different mature blood cell lineages. Scattered arrows indicate no/low cellular output along the respective cellular lineage. Homeostasis and acute inflammation can develop into a condition of chronic inflammation during ageing or situations of chronic disease as indicates by the arrows. Niche dysfunction and cellular stress during chronic inflammation favour the development of hematological malignancy. HSC: hematopoietic stem cell; LSC: leukemic stem cell; Meg: megakaryocytes; E: Erythrocytes; ROS: reactive oxygen species.
- Philipp J. Jost
- Ulrike Höckendorf
