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Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.

McGovern and co-workers combine human brain signal measurements underlying decision formation with computational modelling to probe age-related differences in perceptual decision-making.

Tacto et al. uncover a key marker that enables the selection of functional, transplantable human islets derived from stem cells, potentially paving the way for more precise and effective diabetes cell therapy.

Arrayed and pooled high-throughput screening is crucial for drug discovery and CRISPR functional genomics. Here, the authors present dFLASH; a dual FLuorescent transcription factor Activity Sensor for Histone-integrated live-cell reporting for high performance screening applications across numerous pathways and screening contexts.

Extracting signals from noise is challenging in single-particle catalysis. Here, the authors use deep learning to enhance mass spectrometry, enabling detection of reactions on single nanoparticles.

Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is seen as a promising method for CO₂ removal as it alters the surface carbon equilibrium, driving the transfer of CO₂ into the ocean. Here the authors computationally map the spatiotemporal efficiency of OAE to identify locations and timing for optimal OAE deployment.

Concurrent frequency-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy and ultrasound imaging can be used to non-invasively monitor placental oxygen haemodynamics in pregnant women in real time.

Metal borides/borates are promising candidates to become high-performance alkaline oxygen evolution reaction catalysts. This study reports an in-situ phase composition modulation approach to fabricate boride/borate-based catalysts.

Multimodal results (iEEG, fMRI and MEG) of predictions from integrated information theory and global neuronal workspace theory align with some predictions of both theories on visual consciousness, but also critically challenge key tenets of both theories.

Scaling up the number of atoms or ions in optical atomic clocks enables better precision, but this is often accompanied by interactions that limit the accuracy. Here, the authors propose and discuss using a three dimensional Coulomb crystal of one thousand Sn2+ ions as an optical atomic clock with both high precision and high accuracy.

In cancer, the impact on cellular fitness of copy-number gains affecting collaterally-amplified genes remains poorly understood compared to oncogenes. Here, the authors integrate genomic data from tumours and cell lines and identify a class of ‘Amplification-Related Gain Of Sensitivity’ (ARGOS) genes, with potential therapeutic applications.

Sensory experience transforms endogenously structured cortical networks with diverse and unreliable visual responses into reliable representations. This process is proposed to involve the alignment of feedforward and recurrent networks.

There is interest in encoding of information in complex spin structures present in magnetic systems, such as domain walls. Here, Léveillé et al study the ultrafast dynamics of chiral domain walls, and show the emergence of a transient spin chiral texture at the domain wall.

Environmental and genetic risk factors affect the distal airway epithelium in idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) but the role of the epithelium in IPF remains unclear. Here the authors show that pathologic activation of the ERBB-YAP axis induces dynamic and structural dysfunction in the distal airway epithelium eliciting a pro-fibrotic phenotype in mesenchymal cells.

Hydrous silicate melts atop the 410 km discontinuity have ultra-low viscosities, enabling rapid segregation. These melts form paired layers through continuous dehydration melting, which can merge under specific conditions, explaining seismically observed deep melt structures.

Nonlinear optical phonons often exhibit rapid decay. Here, the authors demonstrate long-lived nonlinear optical phonons through the spontaneous formation of phonon frequency combs in CrXTe₃ (X=Ge,Si).

It is often assumed that systems that can be analyzed accurately via mean-field theory would not be worth looking at using quantum algorithms, given entanglement plays no key role. Here, the authors show instead that a quantum advantage can be expected for simulating the exact time evolution of such electronic systems.

Finding expectation values is a key step in variational quantum algorithms that are hoped to provide a near-term quantum advantage. Bravyi et al. show that a classical approximation is possible when the quantum circuits are limited to constant depth.

The effect of strain-induced pseudo-magnetic fields on the optical properties of graphene has not been experimentally explored yet. Here, pseudo-magnetic fields reaching values of 100 T are shown to increase by more than an order of magnitude the relaxation lifetime of hot carriers in periodically strained graphene.

A strongly lensed galaxy at redshift z ≈ 6 is resolved into at least 15 star-forming clumps embedded in a rotating disk. Clump formation in this system, which is not predicted by cosmological zoom-in simulations, may be driven by disk instabilities with weak feedback, rather than past mergers.

In this work, through a comprehensive proteomics approach, the authors identified host plasma protein biosignatures that could distinguish tuberculosis (TB) disease in children.

This work presents a framework for estimating cell division numbers using DNA replication-associated polyguanine tract mutations, with applications for understanding tumor natural histories and origins.

Viscous electron fluids are predicted in strongly correlated systems but remain challenging to realize. Here, the authors predict enhanced effective Coulomb interaction and reduced ratio of the shear viscosity over entropy density in a Kagome metal, inferring turbulent flow of viscous electron fluids.

This study provides direct neurophysiological evidence from over 30 human subjects showing that the anterior and posterior hippocampus are functionally distinct, with differences in theta activity linked to recollection and novelty processing.

Dissipative quantum state stabilization allows to protect entanglement against environmental noise, but requires complex Hamiltonian engineering which makes it hard to tune to different, arbitrary states. Here, the authors propose and demonstrate a scheme which allow to stabilize arbitrary quantum state from a continuous set, including maximally entangled states.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

Four-coordinate cobalt(II) complexes possess high energy barriers toward inversion of the magnetic moment, but not the magnetic bistability needed for magnetic data storage. Here, the authors report an air-stable radical-bridged binuclear cobalt(II) complex with improved magnetic properties.

STAARpipeline is a comprehensive framework for flexible and scalable rare-variant association analysis using whole-genome sequencing data and annotation information.

MetaSTAAR enables functionally informed rare variant association analysis in biobank-scale cohorts using an efficient, sparse matrix approach for summary statistic storage.

A method for de novo design of peptide macrocyles called RFpeptides has been developed. RFpeptides is an extension of RoseTTAFold2 and RFdiffusion and combines structure prediction and protein backbone generation for rapid and custom design of macrocyclic peptide binders.

Reference-free integrative analysis of spatial transcriptomics data is achieved with archetype analysis.

Here, the authors show that physiological alpha-synuclein supports mitochondrial ATP homeostasis via interactions with ATP synthase and AK2, whereas its disease-linked mutants, truncated forms, and aggregates lose these interactions.

Obesity is associated with an elevated risk of prostate cancer. Here, the authors show that periprostatic adipose tissue promotes the migration and local invasion of prostate cancer cells by secreting the chemokine, CCL7, and that this process is enhanced in the context of obesity.

The PSA (KLK3) genetic variant rs17632542 is associated with reduced prostate cancer risk and lower serum PSA levels, although the underlying reasons are unclear. Here, the authors show that this PSA variant reduced proteolytic activity and leads to smaller tumours, but also increases invasion and bone metastasis, indicating its dual risk association depending on tumour context; the variant is associated with both lower risk and poor clinical outcomes.

Experimental and theoretical evidence shows that incorporating finite interface widths extends fracture mechanics to include crack (and earthquake) nucleation; slow steady creep occurring at a well-defined stress threshold.

Estimates of the levels of neutralizing antibodies necessary for protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19 are a fraction of the mean level in convalescent serum and will be useful in guiding vaccine rollouts.

This study estimates the reproductive potential of fish in globally distributed coral reef sites. The results show substantial gains in reproductive potential can be achieved through the 30 × 30 conservation target, particularly for the important fisheries family, Serranidae, demonstrating the possible benefit of protection to population replenishment.

The heterogenous nature and dynamics of endogenous protein complexes pose challenges for conventional structural biology techniques. Here, the authors develop a native nanoproteomics strategy for the enrichment and subsequent native top-down mass spectrometry (nTDMS) analysis of endogenous cardiac troponin (cTn) complex directly from human heart tissue.

Experiments suggest that placing molecules in an infrared cavity alters their reactivity, an effect lacking a clear theoretical explanation. Here, the authors show that the key to understanding this process may lie in quantum light-matter interactions.

Transcription termination or pausing during DNA replication in bacteria and humans results in DNA damage with exposed 3′ single-stranded DNA ends and mutations.

Deep phenotyping of responses to carbohydrate meals and mitigators revealed interindividual differences in postprandial glycemic responses that reflect underlying metabolic physiology, such as insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction.