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This protocol describes how to use sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation in combination with fluorescence optical detection for the analysis of mass, shape, size distribution, and binding constants of interacting proteins.

Estimates of greenhouse gas emissions related to food consumption typically consider ingredients, rather than final dishes. This study combines over 500 real-life restaurant menu dishes with data on 170 million consumed meals in China, highlighting the potential of consumers to mitigate climate change through modifications in their eating patterns.

US-align is a versatile, open-source program for the structure comparisons of proteins, RNAs and DNAs in pairwise and multiple alignment forms. Applicable to both monomeric and multimeric structures, it allows comparison across different molecular types.

Mutations in tRNA ligases, essential components of the translational machinery, are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy, but the mechanistic details are not known. The authors report that the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is an evolutionary-conserved F-actin organizer, and dysregulation of this function is associated with the disorder.

Data-driven discovery in complex neurological disorders has potential to extract meaningful knowledge from large, heterogeneous datasets. Here the authors apply topological data analysis to assess therapeutic effects in preclinical traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury research studies.

This Protocol describes an automated high-throughput patch-clamp approach that enables the simultaneous and unbiased analysis of acutely dissociated neurons in their native state, with diverse applications ranging from the assessment of neuronal biophysics to drug development.

This protocol describes XCMS Online, a web-based systems biology platform for processing of metabolomics data, pathway mapping and integration with genomics and proteomics data.

Integrated analyses of bromalites provide robust pictures of past food webs, explaining early dinosaur evolution and the emergence of larger dinosaur faunas with new feeding patterns.

The fossil record of primates is sparse, and many gaps remain in our knowledge. One gap relates to the divergence within the catarrhines — the ancestors of hominoids (apes and humans) and Old World monkeys. The discovery of a previously unknown catarrhine in Saudi Arabia, dated to 29–28 million years ago, helps to fill in some details. This specimen shows very few catarrhine specializations, suggesting that the divergence between Old World monkeys and hominoids must have occurred after this date.

Spatial Omics DataBase (SODB) is a web-based platform for sharing and analyzing >25 types of spatial omics data. SODB promotes data reuse, offers novel visualization tools and can streamline development of omics analysis tools.

Romer’s Gap describes the period with few known fossils when early tetrapods were becoming increasingly terrestrial. Here, five new species, three stem tetrapods and two stem amphibians, are described from a location in Scotland shedding light on the phylogeny and environment of this period.

This protocol describes PatternLab 4.0, an integrated software environment for the analysis of shotgun proteomics data.

Little is known about public understanding of climate justice, despite its increasing prominence in climate change communication. Here a global survey reveals that, although awareness of climate justice is low, beliefs in climate justice are widely supported across countries.

Human groups preserve cultural history in songs passed between generations. Here the authors show that musical histories are largely independent of the history preserved in genes and languages.

The authors present a protocol for the modular 3D bioengineering of multilineage skeletal muscles from human induced pluripotent stem cells, along with assays to characterize morphological and functional features of the artificial muscle constructs.

Federal policy action to improve the healthiness of food environments in the United States has been limited. This Perspective calls for the involvement of researchers and advocates in food policymaking at the state and local levels and shows how this can be achieved at each stage of the policy process.

Combinations of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been explored for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 trial of sintilimab (anti-PD1) in combination with stereotactic body radiotherapy and GM-CSF in metastatic NSCLC.

A new morganucodontan-like species from the Jurassic in China shows evidence of a loss of load-bearing function in the articular–quadrate jaw joint, which probably had a role in the evolution of the mammalian middle ear.

Many developing tissues require Par-driven polarization, but its role in mammalian tissue maintenance is unclear. Here, the authors show that in mouse epidermis, Par3 governs tissue homeostasis not via orientation of cell division but by coupling cell mechanics with mitotic accuracy and genome integrity.

Arkitekt is an open-source platform that facilitates the implementation of complex quantitative bioimaging workflows in real time, from acquisition to visualization and analysis.

A newly described fossil mammaliaform from the Jurassic period of China shows that the shuotheriids are allied to the docodonts, and provides details on the processes of tooth evolution in early mammals.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Fibrin drives inflammation and neuropathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and fibrin-targeting immunotherapy may represent a therapeutic intervention for patients with long COVID.

Demand-side mitigation solutions are seen as an essential part for climate actions, yet their adoption is still lower than expected. Cost–benefit analysis shows that the main barriers lie in the non-pecuniary costs of behaviour switching, and highlights opportunities for targeted policy intervention.

Behavioral phenotyping is often a noisy process in mouse genetics. We developed a home-cage approach controlled by the Phenopy platform, which increases the throughput of data from individual animals and facilitates data sharing across laboratories.

Pathologic α-synuclein spreads from cell-to-cell through binding to the lymphocyteactivation gene 3 (Lag3). Here, the authors demonstrate that the amyloid β precursor-like protein 1 (Aplp1) interacts with Lag3 and facilitates the binding, internalization, transmission, and toxicity of pathologic α-synuclein.

Subsidies for coastal management and tax advantages for high-income property owners dampen the negative effects of climate risks on coastal property values. Without subsidies or tax advantages market prices better reflect climate risks, but coastal gentrification could accelerate.

The current use of elastography ultrasound faces challenges, including vulnerability to subjective manipulation, echo signal attenuation, unknown risks of elastic pressure and high imaging hardware cost. Here, the author shows a virtual elastography to empower low-end ultrasound devices with state-of-art elastography function.

Metabolome-informed proteome imaging provides a comprehensive view of underlying biological pathways within micrometer-scale microhabitats of the fungal garden, informing the understanding of metabolic fungal pathways in plant matter degradation.

A spatial transcriptomics and single-cell multiomics study performed on mouse brain tissue. Here, authors show region-specific spaceflight-induced alterations in processes of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission.

Prostaglandin E2 from the tumour microenvironment impairs interleukin-2 sensing by tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, restricting proliferative response and promoting T cell death via metabolic impairment and ferroptosis. 

The identification of the positions and patterns of amino acids that form the selectivity determinants for the entire human G-protein and G-protein-coupled receptor signalling system.

Yao et al. evaluate the ability of large language models to order diagnostic images in acute patient care. By aligning model predictions with evidence-based guidelines, they show that language models can match or exceed clinician performance, and assist providers in making evidence-based imaging decisions.

Exploratory behaviours involve a trade-off between exploration and exploitation. Here the authors investigate exploration behaviour across different domains and whether tendency to explore is stable over time.

Eye tracking systems are crucial for eye health-monitoring and human-machine engineering. Here, Shi et. al. report a transparent and flexible active eye tracking system based on an electrostatic induction effect, enabling visual preference analysis and eye-controlled human-computer interaction.

This protocol describes NetworkAnalyst, a web-based tool for performing network analysis and visualization from gene lists and meta-analysis of gene expression datasets, and for displaying results as protein-protein interaction networks, heatmaps and chord diagrams.

Primary open-angle glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Here, the authors report higher plasma levels of diglycerides and triglycerides in samples collected prior to diagnosis, particularly in cases presenting with vision loss near fixation.