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ABP profiling identifies uncharacterized S. aureus serine hydrolases, including the surface-localized FphB, which processes lipid ester substrates and is required for infection in vivo. An FphB inhibitor reduces in vivo bacterial load.

The number of individuals in a given space influences animal interactions and network dynamics. Here the authors identify general rules underlying density dependence in animal networks and reveal some fundamental differences between spatial and social dynamics.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) onsets in COVID-19 patients with manifestations similar to Kawasaki disease (KD). Here the author probe the peripheral blood transcriptome of MIS-C patients to find signatures related to natural killer (NK) cell activation and CD8+ T cell exhaustion that are shared with KD patients.

To investigate the molecular foundation of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Beckmann et al. constructed multiscale causal networks on a large human AD multi-omics dataset, detecting AD-associated networks and their top predicted regulator, VGF, with extensive validation in the 5xFAD mouse model.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is used to treat osteoporosis, but its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. Here, the authors show that Tgif1 is a PTH target gene, and that its deletion impairs the function of osteoblasts and PTH-induced bone formation in mice.

Infantile amnesia is the forgetting of memories in young children. In this paper, the authors show that in rats early life memories are not lost but rather stored in a latent form that can be retrieved later during adult life following exposure to appropriate reminders. The formation of these early memories requires the hippocampus and is subject to a developmental critical period that depends on mechanisms similar to those underlying critical periods in sensory systems.

Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) increase muscle growth and regeneration. Here, Hinkel et al. show that MRTFs also promote microvessel growth and maturation in chronic ischaemic disease of the heart or peripheral muscle by increasing the expression of the pro-angiongenic factors, CCN1 and CCN2.

Utilising proteomic and transposon sequencing screens, Freiberg et al. identified arginine metabolism enzymes that impact tolerance to antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus, including in animal models of skin and bone infections.

A small population of brainstem noradrenaline neurons powerfully modulates global brain function, but how they regulate diverse—and at times opposing—functions is not clear. The authors report that a modular organization in this neuromodulatory system, coupled with context-dependent activation modes, controls the balance between opposing emotional and flexible learning states.

Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells reside in barrier organs, but their contribution to inflammatory processes in the kidneys is not fully known. Here authors find by single cell RNA sequencing that among the different MAIT cell subtypes found at steady state, a population with MAIT17 signature is expanded in both human crescentic glomerulonephritis and its mouse model, and these cells may play protective role in the disease.

A population of neutrophils in the skin produces extracellular matrix, providing a defence strategy by reinforcing the barrier properties of the skin and helping to block the entry of pathogens.

Lithium-ion batteries are prone to unpredictable failure during fast charging, known as lithium plating. Now, innovative testing protocols can quickly quantify lithium plating and inform battery design strategies to mitigate it.

The role of NLRP12 in immunity to bacterial infection is controversial as varied and contrasting results have been published using C57BL/6 mice. Here the authors shed light on this issue, showing that unlike C57BL/6N mice, C57BL/6J mice have a missense point mutation in NLRP12 that is associated with defective neutrophil recruitment.

A retrobiosynthetic algorithm that relates known antibiotics by the similarities of their biosynthetic pathways to cluster them into distinct classes. Focusing on the telomycins helps to define the mechanism of action of this antibiotic class.

Here, the authors present Paraphase, a HiFi-based informatics method that resolves highly similar genes located in segmental duplications. They apply Paraphase to 316 paralogous genes and summarize extensive genetic diversity across populations.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

A potent inhibitor of the MRSA virulence regulator, GraR, reverses methicillin resistance, inhibits biofilm formation, limits bacterial survival in macrophages and attenuates virulence in vitro, synergizing with cationic antimicrobial peptides.

Previous work has suggested that the histone deacetylase HDAC1 promotes and canonical Wnt signaling antagonizes oligodendrocyte differentiation. Here, Ye et al. show that HDAC1/2 directly interferes with canonical Wnt signaling in oligodendrocyte precursors by competing with β-catenin for interaction with the transcriptional co-factor TCF7L2. TCF7L2 itself is shown to be crucial for oligodendrocyte development.

While depression and chronic pain are frequently comorbid, underlying neuronal circuits and their psychopathological relevance remain poorly defined. Here, authors show the critical role of the BLA-ACC pathway in pain and emotional processing, and their comorbidity.

Quorum sensing refers to a signaling mechanism allowing the behavior of bacterial populations to be coordinated based on cell density. Physical isolation of individual bacterial cells revealed that a single bacterium can respond to quorum sensing signals resulting in genetic reprogramming and enhanced.

Social network modeling of wild dolphins reveals how age- and sex-structured contact patterns shape infection risk, offering insight into disease vulnerability and informing future outbreak responses in delphinid populations.

Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated.

A large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis conducted across different platforms identifies genetic loci regulating levels of circulating metabolites.

A method to label and visualize nascent RNA allows real-time study of transcriptional dynamics at single-cell resolution in vivo. The approach is used to study transcriptional repression of the SPX1 gene by phosphate in Arabidopsis roots.

Pradhan et el report that neuromodulatory systems linked to stress and satiety are recruited to induce sickness behaviours during chronic infection of Caenorhabditis elegans with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The researchers present an image sensor that allows every pixel to have independent exposure. It can sample a cell ROI’s fast fluorescence activity with long exposures at different phases, enhancing SNR and temporal resolution for capturing high-speed events.

A survey of sharks and rays on coral reefs within 66 marine protected areas across 36 countries showcases that the conservation benefits of full MPA protection to sharks almost double when accompanied by effective fisheries management.

The authors analyzed the levels of more than 8,600 proteins across more than 1,000 brain tissues to arrive at a consensus AD brain protein co-expression network that illustrates the complexity and multiple pathological processes that occur in AD, many of which are not reflected at the RNA level.

An integrated analysis of de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 individuals with autism spectrum disorder identifies 60 risk genes of which five have not previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria play key roles in the microbial interactions with animals and plants. Here the authors identify a unique LPS with a covalently-attached hopanoid moiety that contributes to membrane stability in a bacterial symbiont of legumes.

Hundreds of genetic loci associated with age at menopause, combined with experimental evidence in mice, highlight mechanisms of reproductive ageing across the lifespan.