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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

This study uses brain recordings, self-reports, and facial analysis to decode acute pain in epilepsy patients. Machine learning reveals stable neural markers in mesolimbic, striatal, and cortical regions, plus facial cues, enabling reliable pain detection in naturalistic settings.

Apoptotic cells often release extracellular vesicles that aid in their clearance and provide molecular information to cellular neighbours. Here, the authors show that some adherent apoptotic cells also create vesicles that remain attached at the site of death.

Selective C–H amination of electronically diverse (hetero)arene substrates is reported using an electrochemical strategy. Two convergent mechanistic pathways enable the tolerance of both electron-rich and electron-deficient (hetero)arenes. When electron-deficient substrates are used the process proceeds through electrophilic N-radical dicationic intermediates, following amine oxidation, whereas electron-rich substrates undergo arene oxidation.

Scanning dielectric microscopy of nanocapillaries filled with water reveals that interfacial and strongly confined water exhibits a large in-plane dielectric constant and an in-plane conductivity approaching superionic values. 

Researchers developed a nano-resolution, multi-material, and multi-layer printing method for the colloidal nanocrystal library. The electrohydrodynamic technique is enabled by in-situ ligand treatments to achieve fully printed infrared photodiodes.

This study presents ECloudGen, which uses latent diffusion to generate electron clouds from protein pockets and decodes them into molecules. The adopted two-stage training expands the chemical space accessible to generative drug design.

This study introduces a system called TArgeted Cohesin Loader (TACL) that recruits cohesin complexes at defined genomic regions and induces loop extrusion events in living cells, exploring its impact on chromatin organization and gene expression.

Vasomotor function is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, but its electrophysiological basis remains poorly captured, especially post-stenting. Here, the authors develop a bioadhesive bioelectronic interface for precise monitoring and modulation of vasomotor activity.

Cap-independently translated mRNAs could expand the scope of mRNA therapies, but yield limited protein, and existing enhancement strategies are imperfect. Here, the authors install a 5′-end modification that both boosts efficiency and facilitates in-depth characterisation of these mRNAs.

An operational satellite-based monitoring system using NASA/USGS and ESA imagery enables rapid tracking of global land change, with the area of conversion due to direct human action and fire equaling the size of California in 2023.

This study shows that C9orf72 mutations impair immune activation in ALS, affecting how brain cells communicate, and highlights key differences in the cellular and molecular pathways underlying sporadic and genetic forms of the disease.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

Benchmarking greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants is an essential step in developing mitigation strategies. This is now achieved for the USA by modelling over 15,000 facilities using Monte Carlo simulations to obtain a national baseline.

Bioactive sesquiterpenes accumulating in petunia stigmas are synthesized in the floral tube and then transported to the pistil via natural fumigation within the internal airspace of the developing flower.

Electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction are typically prepared and optimized ex situ before the reaction begins, but during reactions they may undergo changes that lower their performance. Here the authors show that active Cu catalysts can be formed on a recoverable basis and removed in situ during the CO₂ reduction reaction, improving the stability of the system.

Cannulae are heat-resistant protein nanotubes found on the surface of thermophilic archaea. Here, the authors report the structures of cannulae at the atomic level with insight into their high stability and mechanism of assembly, which has potential impact for biomaterials design.

The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) is central to flexible decision-making. Here, the authors identify MD’s unique roles in arbitrating between different reinforcement learning strategies through prefrontal-striatal brain circuits.

A high-resolution antigenic map of influenza A(H5) haemagglutinin (HA) enables the design of immunogenic and antigenically central vaccine HA antigens that elicit antibody responses broadly covering the A(H5) antigenic space.

An Fe^III/V redox mechanism in Li₄FeSbO₆ on delithiation without Fe^IV or oxygen formation with resistance to aging, high operating potential and low voltage hysteresis is demonstrated, with implications for Fe-based high-voltage applications.

Here the authors reveal how an incoherent feedforward C/EBPα–Notch circuit times lung cell fate, guiding alveolar development, repair after injury, and shifts between protective and reparative states.

Inhibitors of the protein kinase Wee1 are promising drugs for cancer therapy. Here, the authors show that these drugs activate the integrated stress response via GCN2, synergising with mRNA translation defects. They suggest strategies such as PROTACs or ISR inhibitors to improve WEE1 mediated toxicity.

Here the authors reveal that the prostate cancer risk variant rs4519489 enhances binding of the oncogenic transcription factor USF1, upregulating NOL10. Elevated NOL10 promotes tumor progression, highlighting the rs4519489–USF1–NOL10 axis as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.

Here, the authors demonstrate that the Hand2 transcription factor partitions into the cell nucleolus to activate pacemaker-specific gene programs by accessing specific binding sites residing within repressive nucleolar heterochromatin.

Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare cancer. Here, the authors develop a NLPHL specific model to identify 34 distinct cell states across 14 cell types that co-occur within 3 lymphocyte predominant ecotypes (LPEs) for 171 cases.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

Media informs how we see our cities and ourselves. Using news headlines, this study reveals how the press coverage of Egypt’s New Administrative Capital City project reinforced a vision of urban growth that echoed commercial aspirations.

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, stepwise dose-escalation phase 1 trial evaluating a conjugate vaccine against both typhoid and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, the vaccine was found to be safe and immunogenic in healthy adults.

A national classification system of wetland hydrologic connectivity to streams, which could be applied globally, demonstrates and advances current understanding of how wetland connectivity affects surface water quality.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

Saber et al. show that the lipase DDHD2 provides endogenous saturated fatty acids to support fatty acid oxidation and energy production, proteostasis and membrane trafficking balance.

The Zika viral protease NS2B-NS3 is a crucial target for antiviral drug development due to its role in processing viral polyproteins. Here, the authors utilize crystallographic fragment screening and deep mutational scanning to identify binding sites for resistance-resilient inhibitors.

Electrochemical CO_x reduction to multi-carbon products is hindered by low energy efficiency, in part due to sluggish ion transport across charge-selective membranes used in electrolysers. Here the authors use a porous, non-charge-selective separator that enhances ion transport and improves performance for CO electrolysis.

Tree cover gains in the moist tropics (1982–2015) were 56% naturally regenerated forests and 27% managed tree systems, with forest type influencing carbon recovery. Effective forest restoration requires robust tracking of forest types established by restoration efforts.

An electrostatic-repulsion-enabled advanced transfer technique based on ammonia solution is introduced for separating van der Waals thin-film materials from their substrates, demonstrating suitability for its use in the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) industry.

Resistance mutations in BCL-2 reduce the clinical efficacy of venetoclax. DeAngelo et al. show stapled BAD BH3 peptides can retain and even enhance binding to these mutants, offering a structurally informed strategy to overcome this mechanism of cancer drug resistance.

Joint injury and disease are leading causes of disability, with mammalian joints exhibiting poor regenerative capacity. Here the authors showed that after loss of a whole joint, adult zebrafish regenerate de novo articular cartilage, ligament, and synovium into a complex joint organ.

Plant roots elongate under mild nitrogen deficiency as part of a foraging response that facilitates nutrient uptake. Here the authors show that natural variation in this response among Arabidopsis accessions depends on the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling kinase BSK3, which can enhance BR sensitivity and root growth.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Dietary cysteine enhances intestinal stem cell-mediated intestinal repair following injury by promoting CD8 T cell-regenerative immune responses.

For pain signaling to be useful, sensory receptors must rapidly detect noxious stimuli and efficiently turn off once the threat has passed. Here, the authors uncover a critical role for the universal calcium sensor calmodulin in properly turning off the TRPA1 pain receptor.

This study shows that deep-learning-based co-folding models often produce physically unrealistic structures and are unsusceptible in their predictions to significant binding site modifications, demonstrating bias towards training data and underscoring the need for stronger integration of physical principles.

Hypoxic conditioning—controlled, brief and repeated exposure to moderate levels of low-oxygen air—is safe in people with Parkinson’s disease, with participants reporting mild, short-term improvement in Parkinson’s symptoms.

Two bead-based approaches for CRISPR diagnostics increase sensitivity and deployability in resource-constrained settings.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.