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In this work, authors present an automated, high-throughput platform that utilizes robotics and computer vision to enable creation of a therapeutic phage cocktail, LBP-EC01, effective against over 96% of tested Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections.

Two nationwide randomized controlled trials in England with over 4 million participants found that text messages highlighting that people had reached the ‘top of the queue’ increased COVID-19 vaccination rates.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

Parmar et al. assess the Nugent score as a diagnostic tool for neovaginal dysbiosis in transfeminine people with vaginoplasty. Nugent targeted taxa are found to be rare in the neovagina, and Nugent score does not correlate with neovaginal inflammation or symptoms, highlighting the need for neovagina-specific, evidence-based diagnostic tools.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Genome editing tools can precisely introduce a specified lesion into the DNA, but ultimately rely on the cell’s DNA repair machinery to determine the editing outcome. Here, authors demonstrate how neurons’ unique DNA repair pathways impact the safety, efficiency, and precision of CRISPR edits.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Rajshekar et al. show that a hierarchy of affinities layers pericentromeric heterochromatin around nucleoli, with the RNA helicase Pitchoune (DDX18) acting as a key dual-affinity linker in Drosophila melanogaster.

Phaeocystales are ecologically significant nanoplankton whose evolutionary history and functional diversity remain incompletely characterized. Here, the authors integrate genomic and transcriptomic data to reveal their lineage diversification, metabolic plasticity, and adaptation to polar and temperate regimes.

Insights into the mechanism of methylthio-alkane reductase (MAR)—a nitrogenase-like enzyme essential for growth under sulfate-limited conditions—have remained scarce. Now a cryo-EM structure of MAR from Rhodospirillum rubrum, along with spectroscopic investigations, reveals how it uses complex metallocofactors for catalysis.

Food pantries are part of the emergency food network in the United States, but they are an understudied component of food access. The Pantry Accessibility Index and Individual Accessibility Index developed here allow measurement of the spatiotemporal availability of these services to the food insecure of south-central Indiana.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

At a societal level, the choice is not how or where wind turbines should be sited, but whether electricity should be generated by wind or another source. This study shows that those who live near wind turbines strongly prefer them to coal or solar energy projects sited a similar distance away.

This study identifies three conserved shadow enhancers (T3, C, I) regulating notochord expression of Brachyury across vertebrates using genomic data, transgenic assays, and enhancer knockouts, which are critical for vertebrate notochord development.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Massively parallel reporter assay in primary human CD4⁺ T cells and bulk and single-cell CRISPR-interference screens identify candidate causal variants linked to autoimmune disease risk that modulate T cell gene expression and proliferation.

Available wheat genomes are annotated by projecting Chinese Spring gene models across the new assemblies. Here, the authors generate de novo gene annotations for the 9 wheat genomes, identify core and dispensable transcriptome, and reveal conservation and divergence of gene expression balance across homoeologous subgenomes.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

In this study, the authors determine the structure of a Type I-A retron from E. coli FORC82 and reveal the functional interplay between Reverse Transcriptases (RTs) and Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) ATPases.’

Genome-wide association analyses of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry provide new insights into the etiology of this disorder and identify novel therapeutic leads and potential opportunities for drug repurposing.

Rocks and dust from the asteroid Bennu contain some of the molecular building blocks of life on Earth, such as amino acids and nucleobases. They also carry ammonia that formed billions of years ago in cold, distant regions of our Solar System.

COVID-19 can be associated with neurological complications. Here the authors show that markers of brain injury, but not immune markers, are elevated in the blood of patients with COVID-19 both early and months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in those with brain dysfunction or neurological diagnoses.

CYP5122A1 is a sterol C4-methyl oxidase that catalyzes the sequential oxidation of lanosterol, is essential for both Leishmania donovani promastigotes in culture and intracellular amastigotes in infected mice, and provides a new target for antileishmanial drug discovery.

The process of protein crystallization is poorly understood and difficult to program through the primary sequence. Here the authors develop a computational approach to designing three-dimensional protein crystals with prespecified lattice architectures with high accuracy.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

HIV-1 vaccine design aims to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies such as IOMA, the only described antibody in its class. Here, the authors present the isolation, characterisation and structure of three additional antibodies within the IOMA class

An artificial intelligence model defines a data-driven set of total parenteral nutrition compositions to assist clinicians in personalized treatment of neonates in intensive care and is able to adapt recommendations to patient status, with validation from large external cohorts and a blinded reader study.

Ferrimagnets contain two magnetic atoms with different magnetizations, and exhibit many features of antiferromagnets, however, they still retain a net magnetic moment, like ferromagnets. Here, Hsu et al make use of this combination of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnet properties to demonstrate a diverse array of magnetic switching phenomena in ferrimagnetic GdCo thin films that have previously only been observed in antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic bilayers.

The shift in fluorescence lifetime of tumour tissue with respect to normal tissue after systemic injection of the near-infrared dye indocyanine green can be used to distinguish tumour tissue from normal tissue with high accuracy.

The medium-resolution transmission spectrum of the exoplanet WASP-39b, described using observations from the Near Infrared Spectrograph G395H grating aboard JWST, shows significant absorption from CO₂ and H₂O and detection of SO₂.

The response rate of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia patients to PD-1 checkpoint blockade is low and unpredictable. Authors here show by single cell RNA sequencing, T cell receptor profiling and genomic analysis that the phenotypes and repertoire of CD8 + T cells and loss of chromosome 7/7q are important determinants of response.

A study describes an approach using designed building blocks that are far more regular in geometry than natural proteins to construct modular multicomponent protein assemblies.

A combined-ancestry GWAS of diabetic retinopathy, comprising 68,169 cases and 129,188 controls, revealed nine previously unreported loci associated with the condition, including an evolutionarily adaptive genetic variant alongside a potential functional mechanism that influences racial disparities in diabetes complications among individuals of non-Hispanic African ancestry.

An investigation using various methods reports an association between adeno-associated virus 2 and paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology.

Sodium ion batteries offer more cost-effective storage than lithium and could be used for grid-scale energy storage. Here, the authors demonstrate a full cell based on a MnHCMn anode and an organic-aqueous cosolvent electrolyte. X-ray spectroscopy evidence further suggests the presence of Mn(I).

An adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike-ferritin nanoparticle vaccine can elicit antibodies with relatively broad sarbecovirus activity in non-human primates. Here, the authors isolate and structurally characterize several monoclonal antibodies providing insights into the targeted epitopes and broad reactivity.

Whole-genome sequencing of lung cancer in never smokers identifies different copy number subtypes and shows a lack of tobacco smoking signatures, even in cases exposed to secondhand smoke.

Induction of APOBEC3A in response to targeted therapies drives evolution of drug-tolerant persister cells, suggesting that its suppression may represent a potential therapeutic strategy in the prevention of acquired resistance to lung cancer targeted therapy.

Next generation sequencing has been pivotal in identifying somatic mutations in cancer samples. In this study, the authors analyse whole exome sequencing data using a variety of bioinformatic methods to identify mutations in known cancer genes and find that many cancer genes are not detected by these methods.

Transmission electron microscopy is essential for three-dimensional atomic structure determination, but solving complex heterogeneous structures containing light elements remains challenging. Here, authors solve a complex nanostructure using atomic resolution ptychographic electron tomography.

The transmission spectrum of the exoplanet WASP-39b is obtained using observations from the Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument aboard the JWST.

Phase-resolved mid-infrared observations from JWST of the hot gas giant WASP-43b detect a day–night difference of 659 ± 19 K. Comparison with climate models shows that the observations are compatible with cloudy skies, at least on the nightside, and the lack of methane detection suggests the presence of disequilibrium chemistry.

Molecular systems with coincident cyclic and superhelical symmetry axes have considerable advantages for materials design as they can be lengthened or shortened by changing the length of the monomers. Now a systematic approach to generate modular repeat protein oligomers with combined symmetry that can be extended by repeat propagation has been developed.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.